A Look into the Secrets Behind Advertising Essay -- Advertisements Med

A Look into the Secrets behind Advertising Did you know that in the course of an mean(a) day you are bombarded by over three thousand advertisements? (Faigley 93) From tidy sum stations and newspapers, to e-mails, television, and music videos, todays marketers are finding innovative ways to catch their advertisements sophisticated and appealing so that they can lure consumers to their products. How has this phenomena occurred? This strategic advertizing is not as complicated as it sounds. In fact, businesses use a formula-like approach when creating such advertisements. In order to be a jab consumer, I recommend that you be aware of these techniques. To create an ad, businesses research consumer trends. unrivaled steadily growing trend in America is the on-the-go fast viands industry . . . and it seems as if Americans can not get enough of those succulent cheeseburgers and greasy fries In order to encourage healthier habits, marketers foca lize on weight down loss and fitness, using strategic advertising to make out their product. An excellent example of strategic advertising is found in the January 2004 impression of People Magazine . This ad, sponsored by Life Time Fitness, promotes Lean generator weight supplement pills. The ad pictures a beautiful, healthy model rest on the beach during a cloudy day. Her arms are broad open, directing us to read the words written below. In the niche of the ad sits a bright bottle of Lean Source weight loss pills and a stamp of approval for the product. This advertisement illustrates how a caller uses strategic advertising to sell its product to consumers like us by displaying its supposed credibility, emotional and sexual appeal, and effective visual design. ... ...Life Time Fitnesss ad utilizes marketing strategies by making the ad believable, emotionally and sexually attractive, and visually pleasing. Congratulations You are now an official savvy consume r, so the abutting time you see an ad that catches your eye, be sure to own a second glance at it. You will be appreciative that you did. Works Cited Faigley , Lester, and Jack Selzer . Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments . 2nd ed . rude(a) York Pearson bbbbbbLongman, 2004. Meadows, Michelle. Public Health Officials Caution Against Ephedra Use FDA Consumer Magazine June 20031-3. 2003. U.S . fodder and Drug Administration. 26 Jan. 2004 <http//www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2003/ 303_ephedra.html. Zarefsky , David. Public Speaking Strategies for Success, Penn State Version . 2003-2004 ed . New York Pearson Printing, 2003.

Rutherford B. Hayes Essays -- essays research papers

Rutherford B. Hayes (19th president)     Rutherford Bichard Hayes was not a healthful know president. He was not president that had the opportunity to lead us through a war. He was not a president that would obtain much attention to the public eye. He was however one of the presidents that had a great triumph over a major U.S. problem, economics and civilized rights following a war. The United States was just coming out of the genteel War and was in call for of a new president. They were in need of one that could lead them into a booming economic system, start the subprogram of paying off the national debt, and show them the benefits of a nation-wide unification of the br otherwisehood and the South.     On October 4th 1822, Sophie Bichard Hayes gave birth to Rutherford Bichard Hayes. His father Rutherford Hayes passed outdoor(a) two months prior to Rutherford Jr. being born. Along with his 4 other siblings, Rutherford was raised in Oh io by his mother for most of his life. Rutherford went to school in Norwalk, Ohio and Middletown, Connecticut. In 1842 he graduated from Kenyon College, in Gambier, Ohio, valedictorian of his class. After a year of study in a Columbus law office, he entered Harvard Law School and received his degree in 1845. Hayes began his invest in a small town called Lower Sandusky. Not finding many opportunities here, he left for Cincinnati in 1849 where he became a thriving lawyer.     In 1952, Hayes married L...

Colonization

Although tender Eng destroy and the Chesapeake regions were settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. I discombobulate described both societies in an attempt to demonstrate their developments. Virginia village In 1607 a group of merchants establish England s offshoot permanent small town in North America at Jamestown, Virginia. They operated as a joint-stock company that allowed them to sell shares of stock in their company and use the pooled investment neat to outfit and supply overseas expeditions.This joint tock company operated under a charter from James I with a concern for bringing Christian religion to the endemic people. However, most of the settlers probably agreed with Captain toilet Smith that the real aim was profit rather than religion. Profits were convoluted in the early years expectations of gold and other minerals, trade with Indians for caster and deer skins were non to be had by the colonis ts. Many Virginia colonists died of dy moveery, malaria and malnutrition. The Virginia Company sent a diverse collection of people to Jamestown there ere artists and glassmakers, as redeeming(prenominal) as unskilled servants.Both types of people adapted poorly to the state of nature conditions. Relations between the colonists and the Indians were bitter from the beginning. John Smith dealt with the Indians by shows of contract and the Indians withdrew trade with the English. Many settlers died of starvation in the first years. The discovery that tobacco plant plant plant would grow in the Chesapeake region was a salvation for Virginia. The planters shipped the first prune in 1617 and thereafter tobacco cultivation spread rapidly. By 1624, Virginia was xporting 200,000 pounds of tobacco by 1638 the crop exceeded 3 million pounds.The cultivation of tobacco caused Virginia s planters to find a reliable supply of cheap labor. To fill this need, planters recruited immigrants fro m unlike countries. These immigrants were called articled servants. They willingly sold a portion of their working lives in exchange for plain passage across the Atlantic ocean. Many of the indentured servants were unemployed and held the lower class on the social ladder from their places of origin. deportment for indentured servants was often a nightmare.If diseases did not kill them, many succumbed to the furious work routine that harsh masters imposed upon them. When the remaining servants neared the final stage of their contract, masters would find modalitys to add cartridge holder to the contracts. The profitable tobacco crops created an intense demand for land. As more and more colonists settled along the rivers that flowed in Chesapeake Bay, the topical anesthetic Indian tribes retaliated. The murder of an Indian captain triggered a fierce Indian assault that dealt a staggering blow to Virginia. This assault led to the bankruptcy of the Virginia Company.The surviving planters felt they had justified reasons for the destruction of the Indians. As more settlers arrived, more pressure was placed on the Indians for land. Wars over land was provoked in 1644 and again in 1675. In each of these conflicts, the colonizers were victorious. The native population of Virginia was reduced to less than 1,000 by 1680. Immigrants to the Chesapeake Bay region run aground existence difficult. Many immigrants arrived as indentured servants and could not marry until their time was paid. Once marriage was made, diseases claimed many within about seven years. hardly a(prenominal) children growing up could expect to have both parents alive. Widows and widowers often remarried soon after the death of their spouse, creating a complex web of family feel. Because of mortality, the Chesapeake settlers remained, for most of the seventeenth-century, a land of immigrants rather than a land of settled families. Social institutions much(prenominal) as churches and give ins tructions alsok root very slowly. The Chesapeake region architecture showed the fragility of career in the tobacco growing environment. Settlers at first make uncreated huts and shanties.After establishing crops, planters improved their habitats precisely still built ramshackle one-room dwellings. crimson as Virginia and Maryland matured, cheaply built and cramped houses remained the norm. Life was too uncertain and the tobacco economy was too volatile. Massachusetts Bay Colony While some English settlers scrambled for wealth on the Chesapeake, others were seized by the spirit of religion. These individuals were known as puritans. They aimed their efforts at reforming the corrupt new land. They cute the new land to have a special mission in the world.The people attracted to the Puritan movement were not unless unearthly reformers but also men and women who hoped to find changes in English society. They disapproved of the growing insularism from traditional restraints of i ndividual action. They worried that individualistic behavior would undermine the judgement of corporation involvement. This community involvement was the belief that people were bound unneurotic by reciprocal rights, obligations, and responsibilities. Puritans vowed to reverse the march of disorder, wickedness and disregard for community by imposing a new discipline.Their intention was to establish communities of comminuted Christians who collectively swore a covenant with theology to work for his ends. Civil and ghostly transgressors were rooted out and severely punished. Their emphasis was on homogeneous communities where the good of the group outweighed individual interests. The first winter for the Puritans was harsh, more than 200 of the first 700 settlers died and 100 others returned to the England in the next spring. But Puritans kept coming. Motivated by their work ethic and sense of mission, the Puritans thrived almost from the beginning.The early leaders were univer sity-trained ministers, experient members of the lesser gentry and men with a compulsion to fulfill what they knew was God s prophecy for New England. Most of the ordinary settlers came as free men in with families. Trained artisans and farmers from the mid rank of English society, they conventional close communities where brutal exploitation of labor had no place. The Puritans built a sound economy based on land, fishing, timbering and trading for beaver furs with local Indians. They also established the first printing press and planted they seed down of a university,Harvard College. The Puritan leaders also created a tax-supported school system. In 1647, the government ordered every town with 50 families to establish an simple-minded school and every town with 100 families a secondary school as well. Although the Puritans had made many accomplishments, there were some dissenters from the Puritan way of life. In 1633, Salem s Puritan minister, Roger Williams, began to voice dis turbing opinions on church and government policies. Williams denounced mandatory worship and argued that government officials should not substitute with religious matters.In 1634, Anne Hutchinson began to discuss religion, suggesting that the holy spirit was absent in the preaching of some ministers. Hutchinson also offended the male leaders of the addiction because she boldly stepped outside the subordinate position expected of women. The village was the life-sustaining center of Puritan life. These villages were small and tightly held. Many farmers established agriculture fields set outside the village. Families lived close together in coerce towns built around a common meeting place. These small, communal villages kept families in close touch.Land was istributed to individuals according to the size of his family, his wealth and his return to the church and town. It was believed that every family should have enough land to sustain it, and fly high men were expected to use th eir wealth for the community s benefit, not for themselves. Women played a vital role in this family centered society. The movement of women and a stable family life strongly affected New England s architecture. Early economic gains were transformed into substantial housing. Well constructed one-room houses with sleeping lofts cursorily replaced the huts.Parlors and lean-to kitchens were added as soon as possible. Education was stressed in Puritan communities. Placing religion at the center of their lives, Puritans emphasized the ability to read catechisms, psalmbooks and curiously the Bible. The 20,000 English immigrants who had come to New England by 1649 were dispersed from Maine to Long Island. It was only natural that farmers wished for better farm land. To combat the problems of dispersion, Puritan leaders established a broad intercolony political structure in 1643 called the Confederation of New England.This first attempt at federalism managed to function fitfully for a gen eration. Although the Puritans built stable communities, developed the economy and constructed effective government, their leaders, as early as the 1640s, complained that the founding vision of Massachusetts Bay was faltering. Material concerns seemed to outweigh religious commitments and the individual prevailed over the community. However, New England had achieved economic success and political stability by the end of the seventeenth century. Towns functioned efficiently, poverty was uncommon, public education was mandated and family life was stable.

Liveable Cities

urban conveying Towards A Liveable urban pennyer CHUAH PEI JIN ABSTRACT Cities as we know them at present atomic number 18 already dramatically changing. Our living environments atomic number 18 reshaping the way we live. Malaysia is provision for long-term sustainability, encouraging us to think close how we can word form it and new-made ideas that can transform our future. The importance of eco body has resulted in the purpose of habitable City that becomes a popular concept which is widely spendd in closely urban pennyer center of established country but in Malaysia it is smooth considered a new concept.It is obvious that the concept has contributed a striking raft to the urban environment. This research will discuss the contribution of urban acid bringing forwards our country to become a liveable city by taking Penang as its case study. Achieving habitable city concept is weighty as it subsequently enhance city with benefits that sustainable life-times tyle can provide in terms of environmental, economic and social. and then this opening will be further enhanced on polity perpetration by the Penang farming Government to make Penang a Cleaner, Greener and healthy city.What has endlessly guided our approach to sustainable development is far-sighted, holistic, and comprehensive planning, which enables us to acquit into account future development needs through an structured planning process. INTRODUCTION The twenty-first century finds civilization heavily found in cities that restrain gr avow into metropolitan playing areas. Mevery of these focal points of humankind drill face problems of economic inefficiency, environmental deterioration, and an unsatismanufacturing plant woodland of lifeproblems that go far in determining whether a city is livable. A outsized share of these problems stems from the inefficiencies and some other dissembles of urban jinxation systems. The era of projects aimed at accession vehicul ar give out is macrocosm re interposed by the b passer goal of achieving livable cities economically expeditious, socially sound, and environmentally friendly. This explores the tangled relationship amidst back breaker and the part of cities and metropolitan regions. Transportation for liveable Cities dispels the myths and emotional advocacies for or against freeways, declaim transit, bicycles, and other musical modes of carryation.The consequences of excessive automobile dependence and shows that the close livable cities world-wide exhaust intermodal systems that balance ut just aboutway and universal transit modes era providing for pedestrians, bicyclists, and space-reflection symmetry transit. The policies unavoidable for achieving livable cities the effective implementation of integrated intermodal transportation systems. dealings impact mitigation measures can be divided into two categories those think to democracy use and those related to transportation.Two case studies in capital of Thai sphere, Thailand showed that measures related to land use were effective in reducing congestion in the area adjoin a development, while transaction-related measures were useful in alleviating site-specific impacts. In the pith of Bangkok, the unable implementation of measures related to land was considered one of the major causes of agglomerateiness congestion. It is recommended that the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration should develop more explicit insurance policy tools for mitigating the plentyiness impact of new developments.DEFINATION OF LIVEABLE CITY A liveable city is cities that provide a good quality of life for its citizens. * wear in an environmentally responsible manner * Sustain a burly a vibrant economy BACKGROUND Penang is a secern in northerly part of peninsular Malaysia. Penang is the second smallest say in Malaysia and consists of Penang Island and Seberang Perai on the mainland. Penang Island consists of about 104 8 km2, with an estimated world of around 1520 thousand, while Seberang Perai occupies an area of about 738 sq km, with a population of 670 thousand.The major urban centers on the island are Georgetown, which is the administrative shopping center, and Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam on the mainland. Penang Island has an supranational airport and is linked by a ferry servicing and a bridge to the mainland. The major port facilities are on the mainland, while passengers and nestling cargo vessels are handled at Swettenham Pier on the island. Penang is a passing urbanized state, with a vibrant economy driven mainly by manufacturing industry and tourism.Known as the Silicon Valley of Asia, it is home to intimately of the major electronics and semiconductor giants in the world and is a major centre for transnational industrial investment. With its beaches, multicultural and heritage attractions, Penang is excessively a track tourist destination for both domestic and internation al visitors. Until the current financial crisis, the state was experiencing a rapid rate of economic ontogenesis with an total of 12 per cent growth in gross domestic intersection in the midst of 1992 and 1997. CURRENT URBAN TRANSPORT ISSUES IN PENANGCities are locations having a high level of accumulation and concentration of economic activities and are complex spatial structures that are supported by transport systems. The larger the city, the greater its complexity and the potential for disruptions, particularly when this complexity is not effectively managed. The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and matter place when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy the numerous requirements of urban mobility.urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to work labor, consumers and freight surrounded by multiple origins and destinations. Additionally, important transport terminals such(pr enominal) as ports, airports, and rail are located within urban areas, contribute to a specific array of problems. Among the most notable urban transport problems are i. High private fomite dependency To be keep ii. normal transport inadequacyThe limited capacity, poor reliability and quality of unexclusive transport facilities in the state is a major determinant of mode of transport choice. Presently, over 60 per cent of those travelling by cumulation (schoolchildren, factory workers, migrant workers, the poor and elderly) are captive passengers who do not own a private vehicle (Penang State Government 1995). contempt meaning(a) improvements having been made to the bus system in the last fewer years, such as the introduction of air-conditioned buses and minibuses and the expansion of routes, the proportion of bus passengers on he busiest routes is estimated to remain below 30 per cent. While bus users strike up about delays and missed schedules, bus operators are frustrate d by buses being unable to follow fixed schedules ascribable to traffic congestion during thrill hours. iii. High rate of traffic accidents The number of road accidents in the state more than bivalent between 1991 and 1995, while the number of casualties and deaths increase by 235 per cent and 175 per cent respectively. Casualties per 1,000 vehicles also increased from 3. 5 in 1991 to 9. in 1995. The rate of fatalities in 1995 (34 per 100,000) was more than twice that in 1991 (13 per 100,000) and significantly higher than the level considered acceptable (5-10 per 100,000). More than 50 per cent of fatalities and 60 per cent of casualties are motorcyclists. It is also significant to note that between 1992 and 1996, 12 to 15 per cent of bring fatalities and 10 to 13 per cent of total casualties were pedestrians, and 5 to 7 per cent of total fatalities and 5 to 6 per cent of total casualties were cyclists. iv.Inadequate facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and the mobility-impaire d Existing pedestrian footways are of inadequate quality and do not provide sufficient levels of safety and comfort to support walking. Facilities for cyclists, such as bicycle lanes, are non-existent. The transportation needs of the mobility-impaired such as the elderly and the disabled, as well as those of young children have also been seriously neglected. v. job Congestion and putting greening difficulties Traffic congestion in Penang has reached fairly serious levels due to the rapid increase in traffic volumes on the major urban roads.Traffic volumes between 1975 and 1995 more than doubled on most roads, with increases of up to 5 times on certain(prenominal) road sections in Seberang Perai. In terms of vehicle concentration, there has been an increase of almost 40 per cent since 1980, with an estimated doubling in travel delays. Traffic is festering at an average of 7 per cent one-yearly on most of the major roads in the state (Highway Planning unit of measurement 1995) in close correlation with the average 8 per cent annual growth rate in the total number of cars and motorcycles.While congestion reduces travel speed, which causes much inconvenience and economic loss, it also results in higher vehicle emissions due to engine idling and the frequent acceleration and deceleration associated with stop-and-go conditions, as most vehicle emissions (except nitrogen oxides) typically decrease with speed. vi. Environmental impacts and push drug addiction To be continuing SUGGESTION * Improve bus serve with speedy Penang Initiatives by Penang State Government To be continuing Introduce car park and remonstrate System Bridge Express Shuttle Service The trump renovation was introduced by the Penang State Government in March 2011 as the countrys first park and excite service as an effort to promote more efficient connectivity via mankind transport in the state. On average, some 800 passengers commute between Penang island and the mainland daily. Fro m 3 September 2012, in addition to the existing park and force back hub at Sunway amusement park Mall, the BEST service introduced two new affluent hubs at Bandar Perda and cable car City at Juru. Save on give the sack and price charges, park your car and take a free reprimand on the BEST service.If you stay on the mainland and drive to work daily in the Bayan Lepas FIZ, the BEST service is made for you. Park your car at Sunway Carnival Mall for RM 1. 00 (per entry) or park for FREE at Bandar Perda* and Auto City. BEST covers all areas in FIZ 1, 2, 3, 4, Technoplex and BLlP. -lQ the evening, the BEST service takes you back to your car. * CATS (CENTRAL orbit cover SERVICE) Rapid Penang CAT (Central Area Transit) is the free bus service funded by Penang state government with frequencies of every 20-30minutes around the UNESCO World heritage office of Georgetown.Tourist can just hop on the bus without any fare. * make pass action plan To be continuing * Improve public pose leads to increase quality of life To be continuing * walk of life areas, worthy sidewalks and car-restricted zones To be continuing CONCLUSION REFERENCES DAP PENANG . (February 5th, 2013). Building a cycle city. in stock(predicate) http//dappg. org/11735/cky_20130204b/. Last accessed 27 Feb 2013. Vukan R. Vuchic (December 31, 1999). Transportation for livable cities. US amount for Urban Policy Research. 376.Liang Fook Lye, Gang Chen (2010). Towards a Livable and sustainable Urban Environment Eco-Cities in East Asia. Singapore World scientific create Co. Pte. Ltd.. 222. HOKAO, K MOHAMED, S S (1999). TRAFFIC IMPACT moderateness FOR refreshed DEVELOPMENTS A WAY TO REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN major CITIES. London Transport Research Laboratory. 1-32. Dietrich Garbrecht. (1999). Walkability A Prerequisite for Livable Cities. addressable http//www. livablecities. org/blog/walkability-prerequisite-livable-cities. Last accessed 1 March 2013 .Liveable CitiesUrban Transportation Tow ards A Liveable City CHUAH PEI JIN ABSTRACT Cities as we know them today are already dramatically changing. Our living environments are reshaping the way we live. Malaysia is planning for long-term sustainability, encouraging us to think about how we can shape it and new ideas that can transform our future. The importance of ecosystem has resulted in the concept of Livable City that becomes a popular concept which is widely used in most city center of established country but in Malaysia it is still considered a new concept.It is obvious that the concept has contributed a great deal to the urban environment. This research will discuss the contribution of urban transportation bringing forwards our country to become a livable city by taking Penang as its case study. Achieving livable city concept is important as it subsequently enhance city with benefits that sustainable lifestyle can provide in terms of environmental, economic and social. Therefore this initiative will be further enha nced on policy commitment by the Penang State Government to make Penang a Cleaner, Greener and Healthier city.What has constantly guided our approach to sustainable development is far-sighted, holistic, and comprehensive planning, which enables us to take into account future development needs through an integrated planning process. INTRODUCTION The twenty-first century finds civilization heavily based in cities that have grown into metropolitan areas. Many of these focal points of human activity face problems of economic inefficiency, environmental deterioration, and an unsatisfactory quality of lifeproblems that go far in determining whether a city is livable. A large share of these problems stems from the inefficiencies and other impacts of urban transportation systems. The era of projects aimed at maximizing vehicular travel is being replaced by the broader goal of achieving livable cities economically efficient, socially sound, and environmentally friendly. This explores the com plex relationship between transportation and the character of cities and metropolitan regions. Transportation for Livable Cities dispels the myths and emotional advocacies for or against freeways, rail transit, bicycles, and other modes of transportation.The consequences of excessive automobile dependence and shows that the most livable cities worldwide have intermodal systems that balance highway and public transit modes while providing for pedestrians, bicyclists, and para transit. The policies necessary for achieving livable cities the effective implementation of integrated intermodal transportation systems. Traffic impact mitigation measures can be divided into two categories those related to land use and those related to transportation.Two case studies in Bangkok, Thailand showed that measures related to land use were effective in reducing congestion in the area surrounding a development, while traffic-related measures were useful in alleviating site-specific impacts. In the ce ntre of Bangkok, the ineffective implementation of measures related to land was considered one of the major causes of traffic congestion. It is recommended that the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration should develop more explicit policy tools for mitigating the traffic impact of new developments.DEFINATION OF LIVEABLE CITY A liveable city is cities that provide a good quality of life for its citizens. * Develop in an environmentally responsible manner * Sustain a robust a vibrant economy BACKGROUND Penang is a state in northern part of peninsular Malaysia. Penang is the second smallest state in Malaysia and consists of Penang Island and Seberang Perai on the mainland. Penang Island consists of about 1048 km2, with an estimated population of around 1520 thousand, while Seberang Perai occupies an area of about 738 sq km, with a population of 670 thousand.The major urban centers on the island are Georgetown, which is the administrative centre, and Butterworth and Bukit Mertajam on the mainland. Penang Island has an international airport and is linked by a ferry service and a bridge to the mainland. The major port facilities are on the mainland, while passengers and minor cargo vessels are handled at Swettenham Pier on the island. Penang is a highly urbanized state, with a vibrant economy driven primarily by manufacturing industry and tourism.Known as the Silicon Valley of Asia, it is home to most of the major electronics and semiconductor giants in the world and is a major centre for international industrial investment. With its beaches, multicultural and heritage attractions, Penang is also a leading tourist destination for both domestic and international visitors. Until the current financial crisis, the state was experiencing a rapid rate of economic growth with an average of 12 per cent growth in gross domestic product between 1992 and 1997. CURRENT URBAN TRANSPORT ISSUES IN PENANGCities are locations having a high level of accumulation and concentration of ec onomic activities and are complex spatial structures that are supported by transport systems. The larger the city, the greater its complexity and the potential for disruptions, particularly when this complexity is not effectively managed. The most important transport problems are often related to urban areas and take place when transport systems, for a variety of reasons, cannot satisfy the numerous requirements of urban mobility.Urban productivity is highly dependent on the efficiency of its transport system to move labor, consumers and freight between multiple origins and destinations. Additionally, important transport terminals such as ports, airports, and rail are located within urban areas, contributing to a specific array of problems. Among the most notable urban transport problems are i. High private vehicle dependency To be continuing ii. Public transport inadequacyThe limited capacity, poor reliability and quality of public transport facilities in the state is a major deter minant of mode of transport choice. Presently, over 60 per cent of those travelling by bus (schoolchildren, factory workers, migrant workers, the poor and elderly) are captive passengers who do not own a private vehicle (Penang State Government 1995). Despite significant improvements having been made to the bus system in the last few years, such as the introduction of air-conditioned buses and minibuses and the expansion of routes, the proportion of bus passengers on he busiest routes is estimated to remain below 30 per cent. While bus users complain about delays and missed schedules, bus operators are frustrated by buses being unable to follow fixed schedules due to traffic congestion during peak hours. iii. High rate of traffic accidents The number of road accidents in the state more than doubled between 1991 and 1995, while the number of casualties and deaths increased by 235 per cent and 175 per cent respectively. Casualties per 1,000 vehicles also increased from 3. 5 in 1991 to 9. in 1995. The rate of fatalities in 1995 (34 per 100,000) was more than twice that in 1991 (13 per 100,000) and significantly higher than the level considered acceptable (5-10 per 100,000). More than 50 per cent of fatalities and 60 per cent of casualties are motorcyclists. It is also significant to note that between 1992 and 1996, 12 to 15 per cent of total fatalities and 10 to 13 per cent of total casualties were pedestrians, and 5 to 7 per cent of total fatalities and 5 to 6 per cent of total casualties were cyclists. iv.Inadequate facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and the mobility-impaired Existing pedestrian footways are of inadequate quality and do not provide sufficient levels of safety and comfort to encourage walking. Facilities for cyclists, such as bicycle lanes, are non-existent. The transportation needs of the mobility-impaired such as the elderly and the disabled, as well as those of young children have also been seriously neglected. v. Traffic Congestion and par king difficulties Traffic congestion in Penang has reached fairly serious levels due to the rapid increase in traffic volumes on the major urban roads.Traffic volumes between 1975 and 1995 more than doubled on most roads, with increases of up to 5 times on certain road sections in Seberang Perai. In terms of vehicle concentration, there has been an increase of almost 40 per cent since 1980, with an estimated doubling in travel delays. Traffic is growing at an average of 7 per cent annually on most of the major roads in the state (Highway Planning Unit 1995) in close correlation with the average 8 per cent annual growth rate in the total number of cars and motorcycles.While congestion reduces travel speed, which causes much inconvenience and economic loss, it also results in higher vehicle emissions due to engine idling and the frequent acceleration and deceleration associated with stop-and-go conditions, as most vehicle emissions (except nitrogen oxides) typically decrease with spee d. vi. Environmental impacts and energy consumption To be continuing SUGGESTION * Improve bus service with Rapid Penang Initiatives by Penang State Government To be continuing Introduce Park and Ride System Bridge Express Shuttle Service The BEST service was introduced by the Penang State Government in March 2011 as the countrys first park and ride service as an effort to promote more efficient connectivity via public transport in the state. On average, some 800 passengers commute between Penang island and the mainland daily. From 3 September 2012, in addition to the existing park and ride hub at Sunway Carnival Mall, the BEST service introduced two new feeder hubs at Bandar Perda and Auto City at Juru. Save on fuel and toll charges, park your car and take a free ride on the BEST service.If you stay on the mainland and drive to work daily in the Bayan Lepas FIZ, the BEST service is made for you. Park your car at Sunway Carnival Mall for RM 1. 00 (per entry) or park for FREE at Banda r Perda* and Auto City. BEST covers all areas in FIZ 1, 2, 3, 4, Technoplex and BLlP. -lQ the evening, the BEST service takes you back to your car. * CATS (CENTRAL AREA TRANSIT SERVICE) Rapid Penang CAT (Central Area Transit) is the free bus service funded by Penang state government with frequencies of every 20-30minutes around the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Georgetown.Tourist can just hop on the bus without any fare. * Cycling action plan To be continuing * Improve public space leads to increase quality of life To be continuing * Walking areas, proper sidewalks and car-restricted zones To be continuing CONCLUSION REFERENCES DAP PENANG . (February 5th, 2013). Building a cycling city. Available http//dappg. org/11735/cky_20130204b/. Last accessed 27 Feb 2013. Vukan R. Vuchic (December 31, 1999). Transportation for livable cities. US Center for Urban Policy Research. 376.Liang Fook Lye, Gang Chen (2010). Towards a Livable and Sustainable Urban Environment Eco-Cities in East Asia. S ingapore World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.. 222. HOKAO, K MOHAMED, S S (1999). TRAFFIC IMPACT MITIGATION FOR NEW DEVELOPMENTS A WAY TO REDUCE TRAFFIC CONGESTION IN MAJOR CITIES. London Transport Research Laboratory. 1-32. Dietrich Garbrecht. (1999). Walkability A Prerequisite for Livable Cities. Available http//www. livablecities. org/blog/walkability-prerequisite-livable-cities. Last accessed 1 March 2013 .

Socio Economic Study

Economic Benefits As part of the agricultural sector, the banana assiduity too ensures that It contributes to the protection of the environment done the observance of globally genuine practices and abiding by Philippines laws. Furthermore, the persistence also makes positive Impact on the cultural political aspects through Enameled connectedness with the Influence Insurgency modify peace and order situation Effective topical anaesthetic governance consolidation of Indigenous people (e. G. Bugaboo, Nabob, Muslim) Into mainstream society and ruin understanding of cultures.The Banana perseverance impact on the economy includes Provision of employment (minimum wages, Job security) schooling of related industries (transport, food, consumer goods, entertainment) Increased income opportunity (cash crop, I. E. Corn, rice, firewood gathering vs.. Employment) Prompts improved infrastructure sustainment from government and private organizations Increased tax income income collectio n for local government. In damage of social impact, the industry helps provide Basic needs through the availability of food, housing, clothing, and employment Education increased number of studentsHealth caution availability of institutional care Migration back to family instead of having to look for documentation elsewhere Equal opportunity for women and indigenous people and Fewer occurrences of internal and Juvenile related crime and conflicts. The Philippine banana industry Is the fifth largest export Industry In the country and the indulges in Mindanao. In terms of local tax contribution, the Industry remitted about Phi Million worth of local taxes In 2008, Including duty Tax, Real property tax, Residence Certificates of Employees, withholding tax of employees, withholding tax at source, and Income.Socio Economic Study By EX_Donald As part of the agricultural sector, the banana industry also ensures that it contributes Furthermore, the industry also makes positive impact on the cultural political Minimized contact with the influence insurgency Integration of indigenous people (e. G. Bugaboo, Nabob, Muslim) into mainstream society and Better understanding of cultures. The Philippine banana industry is the 5th largest export industry in the country and the indigents in Mindanao. In terms of local tax contribution, the industry remitted about Phi Million worth of local taxes in 2008, including Business Tax, Real

Legacy of colonialism and the economic development

One of the impacts of colonialism is in the emergence of dispense and commerce between regions and countries that continue to be major factors in directlys economicals. South Asias economy re briny(prenominal)s intimately machine-accessible to that of its colonizers, primarily with that of the United kingdoms. One of the key studies in the development of colonial to modern economics in the region is that of India (United Nations, 2003).The British east intimately India go with was instrumental in expanding and developing Indias economy at the beginning of the 17th century (Reddaway, 1962). At the beginning, the Company had little leverage on the trade since India had little demand for the goods that it brought to the country but traders make lucrative profits in bringing Indian products to Europe. The commercial reforms reflected British policies and administration but similarly paved the way for the Indian traders and line of businesses who became world-shaking in interna tional commerce in the 18th century.The development of the agrarian economy, which similarly is a focus of current development objective of India, became the main industry. The policies integrated to the Indian customs and thus it did not significantly adjustment the economic structure of the country but it provided more ground for UK companies to be established in the country (Rothermund, 1993).The shift in power developed through the India was effectively colonized by the crown, but the countrys economy remained closely linked with that of the UK (United Nations, 2003). The impact of such a consanguinity defied the prevalence of the US and Japan in Asian economics. One of the main reasons for the scenario is the degree by which hearty and cultural influences shed been adopted by both countries. Support to UK companies and enterprises have been attributed to the number of Indian immigrants in the UK as well as of British citizens in India (Rothermund, 1991).According to the as sessment of the management firm, McKinsey & adenine Company (2004), the history shared by India and the UK, both good and bad, has created long-run and successful partnerships that remain to be the critical factors with either country. The importance of economic systems and businesses established since the colonization of India is evident in the degree of confidence disposed to them in the countrys stock markets which have traditionally been standpat(prenominal) outside of the information technology industry (Levine & adenosine monophosphate Zervos, 1996). Warren (1980) believes that countries that have a colonial history have adopted the capitalism that prevails in most of these countries today because imperialism has crated the economic and industrial foundations suited to capitalist economies.Rothermund (1993) furthermore points out that beyond the business and economic structures, the influence of colonialism can also be seen in the standards, practices and market preference s of Indian businesses majority of Indian business follow UK standards and prefer exporting to Europe than to the US, though McKinsey & Company (2004) qualifies such conditions maybe because of the Chinas domination in US partnerships. Another feature of the influence of Indias colonial history is that most of its business leaders have been educated in the United Kingdom and the adoption of UK bases English to business communications.In conclusion, the impact of Indias colonial hear is apparent in the economic and business structures that still serve as the main architectecture of its industries. The influence can also be seen in the preferences and discussion of UK and Indian businesses of each other in both countries. Another indication of this influence is the characteristics of its markets, investments and policies that are in place both as a response to the needs of existing industries but also because of the close social and political ties between the two countries.Refer encesLevine, R. and Zervos, S. (1996). Stock Market knowledge and long run Growth. The World Economic Review, 10, p.323-339.McKinsey & Company (2004). China and India The Race to Growth. McKinsey every quarter . Retrieved on June 7, 2007 from http//www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_page.aspx?L2=19&L3=67&ar=1487&pagenum=1.Reddaway, W.B. (1962). The Development of the Indian Economy. Homewood, IL R.D. Irwin.Rothermund, D. (1993) An Economic History of India From Pre-Colonial Times to 1991. unused York Routledge.United Nations (2003). Country fact sheet India. World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development National and International PerpectivesPerspectives. New York United Nations Publications, E.03.II.D.8.Warren, B. (1980). Imperialism Pioneer of Capitalism. London turnabout Press.

Budgeting and Performance Evaluation at the Berkshire Toy Company Essay

executive dependor SummaryIn 1974, Berks admit Toy Company (BTC) was founded by Franklin Berkshire, Ja unclutter McKinleys farther. Janet was present-day(prenominal)ly became the CEO of the caller- reveal when her father retires on 1993. After two years, BTC was acquired by Quality Products Corporation, a manufacturer of different products, for a common contain of $23.2 million.The preliminary statement of divisional operating income for the year ended June 30, 1998 presented the existing values generated together with the master (static) cipher and master budget stochastic variables for the period. The play along makeed high(prenominal) numerate Revenue than their budget but it turned out to an Operating Loss nigh(a) a million dollars. This paper aims to report card the budgets from unquestionable results, and to compute the budget variabilitys and to analyze its causes. After that, the conjunction deed go forth be evaluated to recommend alternative solutions for improvement.IntroductionAs a division of Quality Products Corporation, Berkshire Toy Company produces the Berkshire Bear, a fifteen-inch mooring house which argon fully jointed, washable, and dressed in various accessories. It is sell to customers handle children and adult collectors with unconditional lifetime guarantee. The company is organized into three divisions acquire (managed by David hall), fruit (managed by aeronaut Willford) and marketing (managed by Rita Smith).An bonus compensation plan was implemented in 1997, intended to enhance the intricacy and team crap of the managers. It provides bonuses for each department heads in the fol sufferinging conditions acquire 20% of net frameworks set var., assuming favourable Marketing 10% of excess departure of net revenue, assuming favourable output signal 3% of net variance in material, labour, variable command processing overhead time, labour rate variance, and the variable and fixed overhead spending, assum ing favourable variances.Statement of the ProblemObtaining a loss attack a million dollars despite the increase in gross gross sales. Substantial untoward variances resulting from work department Effects of the incentive compensation plan to the process of each departmentsDiscussion factual schoolmasterBudget partitionUnits sold325,556.00280,000.0045,556.00Total revenue14,446,487.0013,006,000.001,440,487.00 (U)Total variable expenses8,484,4045,968,5082515,896 (U)Contribution margin5,962,0837,037,4921,075,409 (U)Total fixed embody6,805,8286,248,920556,908 (U)Operating income-843,745788,5721632,317 (U) postpone 1. Preliminary Statement of divisional Operating Income for the Year Ended June 30, 1998The following can be derived from the panelRevenue were 11% high than the master budget multivariate expenses were $2,515,896 higher than the master budget mulish costs were $556,908 higher than the master budgetActual(1)Master (Static) Budget(2)Flexible Master Budget(3) gross sale s Mix variance(1-3)Sales bill variance(3-2)Units sold325,556.00280,000325,556.00045,556.00 (F) sell & catalog8,573,285.0011, 662,000.0013, 559,407.404,986,122.40 (U)1,897,407.40 (F)Internet4,428,018.00004,428,018.00 (F)0Wholesale1,445,184.001,344,000.001,562,668.80117,484.80 (U)218,668.80 (F)Total revenue14,446,487.0013,006,000.0015,122,076.20675,589.20 (U)2,116, 067.20 (F)Table 2. Sales Analysis agendumSales mint quantity variance indicates an increase in service by $2,116,067.20 if the budgeted sales mix is maintained for the authentic sales loudness of 325,556. However, there is an unfavorable variance of $675,589.20 because the actual sales mix was not in accordance with the budgeted sales mix.If we would check the sales volume variance, sales volume quantity variance plus sales mix variance is equal to favourable $1,440,487.00, which is the variance in table 1.Production costsActualMaster Static BudgetFlexible BudgetMaster Budget VarianceFlexible varianceTotal fill M aterials1,230,840.001,015,924.001,181,214.83214,916.00 (U)49,625.17 (U)Direct Labour3,668,305.002,688,000.003,125,337.60980,305.00 (U)542,967.40 (U)Variable Production overhead1,725,665.001,046,304.001,216,537.66679,361.00 (U)509,127.34 (U)Fixed Manufacturing overhead658,897661,920769,614.383023 (F)-110,717.38 (F)Table 3. Schedule of Production VariancesDirect Material varianceThe budgeted price is higher than the actual resulting to a favourable material price variance. This is overdue to the price discounts of 7 to 10 percent of the three main inputs of the product viz. acrylic pile fabric, plastic joints, and polyester fiber filling which contributed to some savings.However, the actual quantity used in production is greater than the standard quantity allowed per unit that results to unfavourable material usage variance. This whitethornbe because of inferior lineament of materials used that more materials are inquireed to produce one unit of product. In addition, there was an incident of thunderstorm that ruined the uninsured materials wherein the company doesnt able to recover large amount of fiber filling.another(prenominal)(prenominal) factor that would affect the direct material usage variance is the lifetime guarantee that the company offers which include the bear hospital since repairs or replacements of teddy bear are free. Also, defects may be a factor for the material variances which are only traced after the production process.Direct Labour varianceThe actual soma of hours used and the actual wage rate of BTC are higher than the standard rate allowed for the actual production. Since most part of the production of bear is labor-intensive, the company may experience set a low standard for the number of hours packd to produce a unit. Additional sew steps and inspection of the fabric color may mother contributed to the actual labor hours used.Moreover, shortages of length in the cutting stage may require additional cutting set-ups which i ncrease production time. Considering the production of the company, they have operated near to maximum capacity that the people are tired and some of them withdraw from and had to be replaced at higher-than-standard wage rates that may lead to higher cost when unskilled workers are employed.Variable smash-upDue to the performance of the increased in labor requirements, the company also incurred increased payroll department taxes and fringes. Employees need to have overtime to meet the actual demanded product volume which is higher than the budgeted that consequently increase the overtime premiums paid by BTC.Since the company has been using the same machine since it was established, frequent breakdowns occurred that charge work have contributed to the increase in the variable expenses. This includes the maintenance labor andsupplies needed.Fixed OverheadThe increase in utilities expense was related to the overtime of employees in the production as the demand of teddy bear boost .Incentive PlanDavid HallWith the favourable net materials price variance of $295,144.00, David Hall the Purchasing carriage will have a bonus of $59,028.72.Rita Smith, Marketing coachSince the Actual Net Revenue is a loss, the marketing manager will not have bonus even if she manage to increase the company sales.Bill Wilford, Production ManagerDirect LabourVariable OverheadFixed OverheadDirect Material Efficiency Variance$ 122,790 (U)Direct elbow grease Efficiency Variance466,638.40 (U)Direct Labor rate Variance76,329.00 (U)Variable Overhead spending variance327,488.34 (U)Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance181,639.00 (U)Fixed Overhead spending variance(3,023.00) (F)Total Variance1,171,862 (U)incentiveZeroAdvantages and Disadvantages of Incentive Compensation PlanAdvantagesDisadvantagesThe incentive plan will motivate department headsMarketing Department focuses on less economic distribution mix. Increase the morale of employees as their efforts will be rewarded Production Dep artmentuses low quality materialsforced to work overtime surgical operation of the company will attract positive resultsPurchasing Department bought discounted materials which may sacrifice the quality of production.ConclusionThough the company may have increased their number of sales for the current period, they still have incurred losings due to the unfavourable variances that have resulted from their production.  Substantial increase in the number of bears sold is noted for the years performance. It can be put on of a nigh performance of the marketing department. However, loss still occurred.The figures of sales may post a skinny performance conversely the current sales might give the lowest possible sales due to ill-timed sales mix. The marketing department has rivet too untold on the Internet Sales whereas it gives a lower contribution than the Retail Sales.Variances in the production of the product are due to the wrong focused of the department head because of the ne w incentive compensation program. Favourable direct material price variance occurred due to lower prices and discounts on the materials purchased. However, unfavourable material usage variance have occurred probably due to substandard materials were used to the production.Direct labour on the hand, have resulted to unfavourable variances on both efficiency and rate. Focused of the manager may be on the efficiency of labour due to the incentive program which gives the need to hire more skilled workers. This resulted to unfavourable labour rate variance. However, due to substandard materials were used the workers may have needed additional time to work on the teddy bears which still resulted to unfavourable variance.The incentive program may have good intentions but this lead the department heads on the wrong direction and have resulted to unfavourable variances. Other factors that may have stirred the variances are the spoilage due to the thunderstorms that have occurred. Machine ma intenance is another factor especially in the overhead variances where frequent breakdowns happened.Alternative solutions obtainFirst solution that we recommend is the revision of the incentive compensation plan. The nonsubjective of the plan is good and should be maintained however some figuring for the said bonus should be changed. Computation of Bonus for the Marketing Manager could be retained as net revenue is a good measure not only in the performance of the marketing department but as well as the performance of the company.Computation for the Purchasing Manager should have also considered the Material Usage Variance as quality of the materials purchased in also a key factor in their production. Bonus for the production manager may have been a good computation as it may have covered different factors to tax the performance of the department.On the other hand, some overhead expenses should be notice by the company as it continuously increase overtime. They may need to c onsider purchasing new machine as maintenance cost has been a big part of their cost. A new machine may also address the issue of frequent overtime of employees and the increasing maintenance supplies expenses.

The Pursuit of Happyness

The hunt of Happyness The scene its ab erupt a man c every(prenominal)ed Christopher Gardner that lives with his married woman and discussion in a sm all in all apartment. They have a low gear cypher and atomic number 18 going thru a very difficult while economically and it could come to a point where they butt end lose everything and up to now feel apart. This man invested the family savings in this kind of machines called Bone dumbness s whoremongerner thinking he was going to invest and earned a look at of money to maintain his family. They thought it was going to be a prominent result, trickyly if it dour out the opposite way. In spiritedness history non everything that fronts bright as gold.The Gardner family where trying to survive the most that they can. firearm the long time were passing it was getting worst and worst. Chris Gardner has big dreams for him and his family notwithstanding it doesnt seem to come together for him. This financial thing tha t were going on dead breaks the family starting with troubles in the relationship with his wife that leaves him and his son and moves to raw York. His wife valued to take their son with her because she say that every children should be with their mom, but Christopher said that its very true, but he said that he could take better care of him than her because his used to it.After that he loses his wife, broken his beach account, and credit cards. He was searching for jobs all over but he couldnt find anything, until finally he decided to do an stockbroker internship set at Dean Witter, competing for one career for six months with getting any salary at all with twenty other candidates for that attitude and only one of them was going to get the job. He was doing the best he could to troth for what he trusted. He was being a father and a engender at the same time it was not easy as it seemed to be. Meanwhile, they were homeless and he was going thru all the difficulties wi th his son Christopher Jr.Even thou they were essay Chris was headstrong to make it and not giving up, in another actors line with the unretentive that they had they were trying to survive. What it seemed impossible turned possible because after all the hard work and the difficult multiplication that they were going thru, all that turned out to be a wonderful result for their lives because he finally got the job, from all twenty candidates he got to be the chosen one. Chris and his sons lives assortment from the darkness past to a brightness present. In conclusion, this cinema its amazing and great.It inspired me a lot because it teach me that no publication what are you going thru or what you face in life in that locations nothing impossible and giving up is not an option. It doesnt matter how many another(prenominal) times you fall, what it matters its how many times you point of view up and keep moving forward. Life could give you so many challenges, but its up to you h ow you decided to face it and quite a little with it and anyhow that its the result that you are going to obtain. These words of the movie siret ever let somebody tell youYou cant do something You got a dream you got to protect it.People cant do something themselves, they want to tell you, you cant do it. If you want something go get it. Period they inspired me a lot because you cant let anyone bring you down and tell you that youre a nonexistence and that you cant do anything just because they havent gotten what they wanted or their dreams come true. We have to stand up, be strong, and try out that we are better than them and that we could do anything that step in our ways without the assist of anybody. I leave with this saying What it looks impossible for man, its possible for matinee idol.The interest group of HappynessThe Pursuit of Happyness The movie its about a man called Christopher Gardner that lives with his wife and son in a small apartment. They have a low budget and are going thru a very difficult time economically and it could come to a point where they can lose everything and even get apart. This man invested the family savings in this kind of machines called Bone Density scanner thinking he was going to invest and earned a lot of money to maintain his family. They thought it was going to be a great result, but it turned out the opposite way. In life not everything that seems bright as gold.The Gardner family where trying to survive the most that they can. While the days were passing it was getting worst and worst. Chris Gardner has big dreams for him and his family but it doesnt seem to come together for him. This financial thing that were going on suddenly breaks the family starting with troubles in the relationship with his wife that leaves him and his son and moves to New York. His wife wanted to take their son with her because she said that every children should be with their mom, but Christopher said that its very true, but he said that he could take better care of him than her because his used to it.After that he loses his wife, lost his bank account, and credit cards. He was searching for jobs all over but he couldnt find anything, until finally he decided to do an stockbroker internship position at Dean Witter, competing for one career for six months with getting any salary at all with twenty other candidates for that position and only one of them was going to get the job. He was doing the best he could to fight for what he wanted. He was being a father and a mother at the same time it was not easy as it seemed to be. Meanwhile, they were homeless and he was going thru all the difficulties with his son Christopher Jr.Even thou they were struggling Chris was determined to make it and not giving up, in another words with the little that they had they were trying to survive. What it seemed impossible turned possible because after all the hard work and the difficult times that they were going thru, all that tu rned out to be a wonderful result for their lives because he finally got the job, from all twenty candidates he got to be the chosen one. Chris and his sons lives change from the darkness past to a brightness present. In conclusion, this movie its amazing and great.It inspired me a lot because it teach me that no matter what are you going thru or what you face in life theres nothing impossible and giving up is not an option. It doesnt matter how many times you fall, what it matters its how many times you stand up and keep moving forward. Life could give you so many challenges, but its up to you how you decided to face it and deal with it and besides that its the result that you are going to obtain. These words of the movie Dont ever let somebody tell youYou cant do something You got a dream you got to protect it.People cant do something themselves, they want to tell you, you cant do it. If you want something go get it. Period they inspired me a lot because you cant let anyone bring you down and tell you that youre a nobody and that you cant do anything just because they havent gotten what they wanted or their dreams come true. We have to stand up, be strong, and demonstrate that we are better than them and that we could do anything that step in our ways without the help of anybody. I leave with this saying What it looks impossible for man, its possible for God.

Analysis of Much Ado About Nothing by William Shakespeare Essay

Much con game About Nothing is a extend set in c1598 in England. The author of this play, William Shakespe atomic number 18 has utilize mixed literary proficiencys to gain and break in its constitutions. This essay will analyse some of the techniques including calibre, character-specific communion, melo striking banter, soliloquy, and symbolism that has been used by the author to construct the characters of the play including benedict, Beatrice, and hold out buttocks. Tone is one of the major techniques used by Shakespeare in this play, to envision sense of hearing the type and behaviour of characters.In the introduction of the play, Beatrice asks the messenger who had hang to deliver a message that stated that prince Pedro is coming to Messina, if signior Montanto (1. 1. 25) (mocking Signior benedick) had returned from the battle. The tone of Beatrice used in this introductory exposure, gives auditory modality an caprice that she might be a witty character. Beatri ce, ilk in this scene, has a witty attitude in most of the scenes.An example of this is where Leonato is talking to Beatrice approximately her future husband, where she states that a one who has a beard is more than a youth (2.1. 27) and he is non for her, whereas one who has none is less than a man (2. 1. 38) and she is non for him, concluding that there is no man that is adequate to(p) to become her husband. This shows that Beatrice is a very hard-hearted character and cannot be changed or rejoiced so easily. The tone of Beatrice is usually specific in most of the split of the play. However, this is also true for the new(prenominal) characters in the play. This shows how tone can be used to specifically recognise a character.Therefore, it can be cogitate that the author has used Tone as one of the early techniques in constructing and developing the characters, to let the audience contend about the characters personality and behaviour. A technique that is used for most of the characters of the play is character-specific dialogue. Character-specific dialogue relates to tone it makes audience familiar with the way a specific character speaks and expresses his thoughts.Don buns is the character in the play that never changes his way of speech. In the scene where Don John speaks for the first time, he has a very villainy dialogue where he states how That young start-up (Don Pedro) hath all the glory of Don Johns overthrow, and if Don John can cross him in any event, he blesses himself every way (1. 3. 48).This way of speech stays the same at all the parts of the play I am tired of(p) in displeasure to him, and whatsoever comes athwart his affection ranges evenly with exploit (2. 2. 5). This technique uniform to tone, contrasts the dialogue of characters to unlikeiate between the ways different characters think and behave. It is used to make characters seem different or similar to new(prenominal) characters otherwise realizen as stereotyping.T hus, character specific dialogue makes audience familiar to the behaviour and thoughts of a character, and is therefore used for constructing characters. melo hammy irony is another technique used in this play that gives audience an overview of the way characters think in original situations. Dramatic irony, is a technique that forethoughts in developing characters mostly by showing the characters feelings (that are not usually visible) towards something that they think is real, but only the audience sleep with if it is true (i. e. where at least one character doesnt know what the audience know).An example of this is in a scene where Don Pedro, Leonato and the other men were discussing how wench Beatrice was in retire with Signior Benedick (2. 3. 82). The spectacular irony here is that Signior Benedick in this scene was covert and overhearing the conversation, but doesnt know that he was being deceived into believing that Lady Beatrice is madly in love with him. Since benedic k gets deceived into believing that Beatrice really loves him, he then expresses his profoundlyer feelings much more to the audience as he says to himself that if Beatrice does love him, it must be requited (2.3. 183) and otherwise he will not be.This shows that dramatic irony leads into constructing and developing characters, as dramatic irony in a way allows audience to overview and understand a characters deeper thoughts/feelings. monologue is also a technique that has been used similar to dramatic irony by putting forward the emotions of a character and having an overview of his/her personality/thoughts to aid in building the character.Dramatic irony is where there is something that a character doesnt know, but the audience are aware of it, whereas a soliloquy is where the audience know what a character is feeling but other characters are not addressed. A good example of a soliloquy is in the scene where benedick is speaking to himself about how a man changes himself after fal ling in love. In the scene, benedick says how whizz woman is fair, even so I am well another is wise, yet I am well another virtuous, yet I am well (2. 3. 21) but unless there is a woman who has all trinity qualities, he shall not fall in love with any woman.From this scene, it is discover that benedick has certain values that a woman should have, and that she is the woman he will fall in love with. As seen, soliloquy opens the accession to a characters deeper feelings. These are feelings that a character is not likely to state when other characters are present and addressed. This shows how soliloquy, similar to dramatic irony, lets the audience know about a characters deep thoughts/emotions. Another technique that had been used was Symbolism. This technique is present in many scenes throughout the play.It has been used to make the audience visualise and understand certain aspects of the play. An example of this is in the scene where Beatrice gets deceived by her cousin into be lieving that Benedick loves Beatrice so entirely (3. 1. 37). In the scene Hero tells Margaret how it is good for Benedick to forget Beatrice as Disdain and scorn ride sparkling (3. 1. 51) in Beatrices eyes and Mispricing (3. 1. 52) everything they see. This was being said so to make Beatrice tell apart that her behaviour was full of scorn and pride.At this time when the play was written, women mainly had to be polite when men are around. However, it is seen that Beatrices character does not obey this rule, and her behaviour is contrasted with other women. In the introduction of the play, as seen in the paragraph that analysed tone as a technique, Beatrice was a witty character. though at the introduction tone was used to develop the character of Beatrice to be witty, it has also been repeated throughout the play. The repetition of this fact has led to mean Beatrice with the character of wit and wit itself.This shows how symbolism has been used along with tone and repetition to co nstruct characters of the play. The literary techniques analysed above show how they were used to construct characters and position audience to let the characters be constructed within their thoughts. Shakespeare has used various literary techniques including tone, character-specific dialogue, dramatic irony, soliloquy, and symbolism to directly and indirectly construct and develop the characters of the play Much Ado about Nothing.All of these techniques relate to for each one other within the context of constructing characters by various means like giving characters an insight of characters thoughts, letting audience know more about the personality of characters etc. Thus these techniques have been used in the play to create and develop the characters of the play. Bibliography * Shakespeare, William. Mares, F. H. ed. The New Cambridge Shakespeare Much Ado About Nothing. New York Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print * n. p. Glossary of Literary Terms uncp. com. UNCP, n. d. Web. 22 Aug, 2010.

Creon and Oedipus Essay

Oedipus the King, the sad hero is most certainly Oedipus. Oedipus, first of in all, is a sober man. When he declares, My spirit grieves for the city (l 75-76), he shows a deep passion. His sympathy for his people and his desire to be their savior, he earns the think of and love of the people.The respect of the people is crucial in creating the tragic effect that comes with a tragic heros downfall, and Sophocles utilizes this by means of giving Oedipus human qualities and a tragic flaw. Passionate, yet stubborn. In this case of his tragic flaw, his lack of association of his true identity is coupled with the peoples awareness of his fate.Then, when Oedipus finds himself in the dilemma afterward talking to Tiresias, the people feel his pain and are afraid for his life, cunning that nothing he does can prevent the tragedy from occurring. When Oedipus finally waterfall from the throne, he doesnt kill himself, rather he gouges out his eyes. The emblematical blinding of Oedipus su ggests that he has experienced renewal and sees the truth. Antigone, the first part of the Oedipus Trilogy, excessively depicts the theme of a tragic hero.Through the character of Creon, Sophocles greatly conveys the all important(p) elements of a tragic hero. Creon is, first, king of Thebes, this illustrating his high state, solely he more importantly shows characteristics of nobility and virtue. In mentioning the Chorus, he announces that, These are my principles. Never at my hands will the traitor be honored above the patriot. save whoever proves his loyalty to the state Ill prize that man in dying as well as life (l -5). Creon puts his country above all else, and for this, he shows characteristics of a tragic hero and nobility. His imperfection is later shown in his pride. After Tiresias warns him of his transgressions, Creon declares, Its a dreadful thing to yieldbut resist now? Lay my pride bare to the blows of ruin? Thats dreadful too (l 11-11).His unwillingness to let g o of his pride for the gods shows his important tragic flaw, and with it brings his lonely downfall. Creons fall is not a add up loss, and he finds a sense of awareness and self-knowledgment. He says, Ohhh, so senseless, so insanemy crimes, my stubbornOh Ive learned through blood and tear (l 1-1404). Creon reaches a point, from which the people also learns. By expressing nobility, downfall through flaw, Creon doubtless serves as a perfect example of the tragic heros essence.

Domestic Violence Essay

The Negative Results of Childhood moving-picture show to Domestic delirium The phrase home(prenominal) military group typically refers to wildness between gr deliver intimate partners. It has been estimated that every year there be about 3.3 to 10 million clawren unresolved to domestic craze in the confines of their own home (Moylan, Herrenkohl, Sousa et al. 2009). According to research conducted by John W. Fantuzzo and Wanda K. Mohr(1999) exposure to domestic violence stop include watching or hearing the violent events, bet involvement (for ex adenylic acidle, trying to intervene or calling the police), or experiencing the consequence (for ex amperele, seeing bruises or observing maternal depression) (Fantuzzo & arbitrator Mohr, 22). The effectuate of exposure can vary from direct effects such as behavioral and developmental issues to social relationships, all of which lead to detrimental prospects on the childs development. This paper will explore those effects an d how it pushs children. characterisation to violence in the first years of vitality brings about weakness and terror which can be attributed to the lack of protection received by the p arnt. The child can no longer trust their pargonnt as a protector (Lieberman 2007). This lack of trust early in life can bring about serious problems later in life, as there is no resolution to the first psychosocial crisis, trust vs. mistrust. For these children exposed to domestic violence, the imaginary monsters that children perceive are not only symbolic representations or a dream. The monsters that children who witness domestic violence arrest to deal with apply the reflection of their parents. Children who witness domestic violence face a plight because the childrens parents are at their most frightening exactly when the child needs them the most. The security of the child is shattered as their protector becomes the attacker in reality and the child has nowhere to turn for help (Lieberm an 2007).Exposure to family and community violence is bring togethered with aggressive behavior. One of the theoretical perspectives that explains this link is social learning theory, according to which children learn from the aggressive models in their environments. Additionally, victimization may compromise childrens world power to regulate their emotions, and as a result they may act out aggressively (Margolin & ump Gordis 2004, 153). Posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (posttraumatic stress disorder) are important consequences of exposure to violence because they can impair social and behavioral functioning (Margolin &ump Gordis 2004, 153). Research has shown that children exposed to domestic violence demonstrate impaired ability to concentrate, difficulty with schoolwork, and significantly lower scores when their verbal, motor, and cognitive skills were being tested (Fantuzzo &ump Mohr). It seems as if the academic and cognitive difficul ties from exposure affect the child possibly through its impact on psychological functioning.For example, PTSD and depression may hinder with learning and the ability to perform wellspring in the classroom (Margolin &ump Gordis 2004). Researchers have found a positive correlation between externalizing (aggression) and internalizing (lowered self esteem, depression, anxiety) and domestic violence exposed children. Children exposed to domestic violence have been found to be quaternity times more likely to develop internalizing or externalizing behavior problems than children who are not exposed to violence. The disruption of the development of basic competencies harms the childs ability to manage emotions effectively and increases internalizing and externalizing behaviors (Martinez-Torteya et. al., 2009). This is particularly problematic for preschool aged children as younger children display more intense externalizing and internalizing behavioral responses to parental betrothal than older children do (Ybarra, Wilkens, &ump Lieberman 2007).These responses are due in part to less mature cognitive skills. Because these skills have not ripe(p) yet, there is an increase in the likelihood of the child expressing psychological vulnerabilities pursual the conflict because of cognitive errors. Exposure to domestic violence compromises interpersonal relationships that are the foundation of childrens daily lives in addition to having direct effects. social support is a key buffer against the disconfirming effects of violence. Because parents are key sources of social support, the disrupted parenting associated with family violence may exacerbate negative effects of exposure to violence. More generally, children exposed to violence may be sensitized to hostile interactions and may have difficulty negotiating peer conflicts. These interpersonal difficulties can rob children of social support and increase their risk for associating with abnormal peers (Margolin &ump Gordis 2004, 154). In a study conducted by C. McGee, it was inform that many children found it difficult to develop friendships for reasons such as property back from others as well as fear of inviting others to their home (Adams 2006).In conclusion, it is clearly shown that domestic violence has a negative effect on the children who witness it. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes (Anda &ump Chapman &ump Dube &ump Felitti &ump Giles &ump Williamson, 2001, p.1). In fact, childhood stressors such as witnessing domestic violence and other household dysfunctions are highly interrelated and have a graded relationship to numerous health and social problems (Anda &ump Chapman &ump Dube &ump Felitti &ump Giles &ump Williamson, 2001, p.2). It is obvious and clearly shown that the children who witness domestic abuse have serious long term mental effects.

Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making Essay

halt-of-life decision-making entails looking into ethical, heathen, as well as, legal concerns. All of the aforementioned(prenominal) has to be c befully considered if one and all(a) has to decide to end his or her deliver life. This paper give look into the ethical, ethnicalal, and legal issues that go along with end-of-life decision-making. It similarly intends to state what therapist can contribute in his or her enfolding in the discussion of end-of-life decision making together with his or her colleagues, as well as, tolerants & adenine their families. Ethical Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making at that place are ethical indispensable issues intricate in end-of-life decision-making and some are the chase firstborn of all is the issue on utilitarianism, since this is verbalise to be the induction of goods then it is linked to the end-of-life decision-making as well (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). Here, it is said that actions are right in prop ortion as they tend to enhance rapture, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). Happiness here is regarded as the absence of pain and unhappiness is the battlefront of the aforementioned (Germino 1972, p.240). It is an issue because happiness is not all that matters in end a life (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580). In addition to that, how can one be sure that the absence of pain, which is death in this case, will unfold to happiness of the person chiefly involved in the end-of-life decision-making (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p. 580)? The same is true with the family of main person involved, will they be experience happiness if the patient role opts to end his or her life voluntarily instead of postponement for his or her natural death to take place (Ebenstein & Ebenstein 1991, p.580)? fleck is the issue related with the Kantian model or what is technically referred to as the deontological theory (Bennagen, 2 000, p. 50). This states that a person has to fulfill a certain tariff or duty as a part of his objective (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). This dictation now seems to be irrational since the concrete definition of a duty or duty is not provided (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). For vitrine, is it the persons responsibility to instance himself or herself to death (Bennagen, 2000, p.50). It may be his or her right to discern to live or die but if asked if it is his or her responsibility ashes a big question (Bennagen, 2000, p. 50). dwell but not least, on that point are some health care providers who are extremely certified more or less how much money is exhausted on patients and how effectively it is spent (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Some individuals feel that the amount of money spent on terminally ill patients is not really worth it (Hinman, 2000, p. 9).This is highly unethical it is as if one is saying that money is far more classic than rattling trying to save a life (Hinman, 2000, p. 9). Cultural Issues Involved in End of Life Decision-Making Furthermore, on that point are some(prenominal) cultural issues involved in end-of-life decision-making as well and some are the following First of all, there are some members of a cultural minority that takes to be spoken to directly with regards to the disease that they are going through with(predicate) (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516). Although, there are also some who do not (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 516. ). In concomitant some immediate family members request that they be the ones to be spoken to only since they believe that informing the patient will only come upon the patient feel worse and will eventually negatively affect him or her (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). The same is true when it comes to making decisions with regards to the medications/treatment that the patient will bear with some family members prefer that they be the ones to be in charge about this instead of the doctor and/or the patient (S earight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ).Second, patients who belong to a cultural group sometimes opt not to be directly assured about the disease he or she is going through particularly if its a life-threatening one (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Third, some patients also would prefer to carry out certain religious activities and spiritual traditions so as to assist in their aesculapian checkup treatment, and eventually, their healing as well (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Last but not least, some patients take into consideration their beliefs and outlook when it comes to the medical experts, suffering, as well as, the afterlife (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 516. ). Legal Issues Involved in End-of-Life Decision-Making There are also certain legal concerns when it comes to end-of-life decision-making Most of the States disallows physician-assisted suicide for example in New York, it is unlawful under the general homicide laws (Legal stipulation of assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n. d. , n. p. ). The same is true in Virginia wherein there is no law that actually covers physician-assisted suicide but there is a statute which imposes civil sanctions on persons assisting in a suicide (Legal situation of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States, n.d. , n. p. ). My Participation as a Therapist in the handling of End-of-Life Decision-Making along with Colleagues There are several things that I may contribute as a therapist to my colleagues. I can share with them my knowledge with regards to how to communicate with patients of diverse culture (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). I can request them to demonstrate an interest to the patients cultural heritage for them to be able to give the patient culturally-sensitive care (Searight et.al. , 2005, p. 521. ). In addition to that, I will also let them know that it is important to give the patient autonomy especially when it comes to non-disclosure of medical information and family-centered decision-m aking because through the aforementioned, the patient will eventually feel that their cultural norms are existence respected (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). My Participation as a Therapist in the Discussion of End-of-Life Decision-Making along Patients and their FamiliesFinally, I may also be of great aid to patients and their families with regards to their discussion of end-of-life decision-making through the following 1) I will respect it if the patient prefers that his or her family members be the recipients of diagnostic and treatment information 2) I will make sure first who is the member of the family whos appointed to make treatment decisions before speaking to him or her or giving them an advice with regards to the medical procedures or treatment and 3)I will help them find other therapist/physician in case they are uncomfortable with the sure one and especially if their therapist/physician belong to the different ethnic background (Searight et. al. , 2005, p. 521. ). As a therapist, I will try to sack them the best I can while considering their cultural background, incorporating my ethical/moral standards, and making sure that I will abide by the laws as well.ReferencesBennagen, P. (2000). Social Economic and Political Thought. Q. C. UP Press. Ebenstein, W. and Ebenstein, A. 1991, Great Political Thinkers Plato to the President.Harcourt Brace, forrard Worth. Germino, D. 1972, Machiavelli to Marx Modern Western Political Thought. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. Hinman, L. M. (2000). Ethical Issues in End of Life Decisions A Guide to Understanding Differences. Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//ethics. sandiego. edu/presentations/sharp/index_files/v3_document. htm Legal Status of Assisted/Euthanasia in the United States. (n. d. ). Retrieved April 28, 2008 from http//www. nightingalealliance. org/pdf/state_grid. pdf Searight, H. R. & Gafford, J. (2005). Cultural regeneration at the End of Life Issues and Guidelines for Family Physi cians. American Family Physician, 71(3), 515 522.

Keith Waterhouse and Willis Hall Essay

In this germinate, based upon a screenplay by Keith Waterho wasting disease and Willis sign from a novel from Waterhouse (which written in 1959 influenced by the prevailing opus of the 1950s the protest of the angry young men), director John Schlesinger creates the fantasized orb of Billy fisher (Tom Courtenay), a young man working at the Shadrack and Duxbury funeral parlor who visions of becoming a great writer. Ju craft Christie provides some romance for the uncouth clerk.Denys Coops cinematography effectively captures the drab bread and butter and imaginative world of Billys existence, lending further relevance to the require in real life. Billy is an original reference whose vision life is funny throughout. Known to his officemates as Billy Liar because he is a compulsive liar, Fisher escapes his dour existence by creating a fantasy life as the military leader of the fictional, semi-fascist state of Ambrosia. This fantasy supplies the index and control lacking in his daily life where he feels confine in his job at the funeral parlor.Though chronic lying is non admirable and his coldness towards his family and his fiancees is dislikable trait, still, overall, Billy is an attractive character, and we can leniency him as his rather pathetic pretenses are exposed, while still perceive the justness of the exposure. Waterhouse has managed to mirror the basic nature of people being dissatisfy with what we restrain and in that locationfore devising all means to be what we dream to be. Billy Liar remains a pleasing counterpoint to the depressive movies means at the Top (1958) and Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960).According to Gale (1996), this dash that was originally a novel led some commentators to place Waterhouse in the Angry Young Men School. It is in some ways a study of provincial dissatisfaction. Our lives are in truth similar to Billy in many ways, the reality and fantasy of who we are sharply at odds. nearly of us live with a family which is the quintessence of ordinariness so we treat by a rich fantasy life and, unfortunately, by dishonesty, very much like Billy in the film.Reminiscent of Fishers character, we lie our way through life, non out of malice or regular(a) out of any conscious desire to cause mischief or to cause hurt to those around us, but purely because we cannot live with, or face up to the demands of, our real lives. The overall mood in the film is, however, disquieting Fishers dreams include killing people, such as his parents, who place obstacles in his way. The film shows that the only real obstacle confronting Fisher is a lack of courage combined with no obvious talent. much like in real life, we all have a deep vision of doing the unthinkable, murderous or otherwise, to people we extremely dislike. Our judgment is practically clouded by anger for other people, which lead to ineffective use of our God-given talents, which in turn hinders the progress that we otherwise could ha ve achieved easily. Despite its very British setting, the film has a universal dimension which is even more(prenominal) poignant in todays Internet age.In a sense, Billy Liar is an adroit satire about a society caught between socio-economic classes. Billy Fishers character is therefore attempt against the limitations of his class, family and urban environment for a better opportunity to display his ability. This depicted object is relevant even today, as we all strive daily to flow up the social and economic ladder of society, as a response to our natural trait to be forever dissatisfied.One cannot help but be fond of and relate to Billy Liar, a unique character that deeply depicts in what boils down to a humorous yet frightful and incontrovertibly influential movie. It is apparent that this film appealed and is still appealing to audiences just because Billys lack of courage, commitment and his flights of fancy are not so far removed from those of ourselves. Many of us live in dreams where we do spectacular things but given the chance we would not have the courage to accomplish them.Likewise, the film affirms that, ultimately, we must live with, rather than in opposition tom the real world, no matter how painful and equivocal the experience of that invariably will be. While on one train this film could be dismissed as a whimsical fantasy, there is a Billy Liar that exists in all of us. WORK CITED Gale, S. (1996). cyclopedia of British Humorists Geoffrey Chaucer to John Cleese. Philadelphia Taylor and Francis.

A Contemporary Artist Essay

Laurie Anderson was born in Chicago in 1947. She is a conglomerate of talents music, writing, fiction, philosophy, sculpture and film in one human form. The Bernard College in New York and the Columbia University share the fame of being Laurie Andersons alma mater. Her piece of scarper has an artistic flavour and wins applaud for its central quality of mystery, melodrama and humor wittinessh contemporary theme. Laurie Andersons al-Qaeda Andersons goal was dissolving barriers between people. In one of her interview (2007) she said that all her work involves some considerate of escapism, imagining a body to be somewhere else.Music reminds you about your body, barely it also takes you out of it. All art is a form of escape, solely music is in particular. Some of her renowned performances are United States (I-IV), run of the Darkness, Moby Dick Songs and Poems, etc. Homeland a Master Piece unrivalled of Laurie Andersons masterpieces Homeland in the year 2007 held sway over he r earshot for its contemporary theme. It is a scintillating 100-minute performance in which she sings, speaks, plays violin and keyboard. Theme of HomelandThe theme of Homeland ponders over the modern America, its withered freedom, its state of war on Iraq, and the issue of global warming. Laurie Andersons wit is revealed when she asks, Was the constitution write in invisible ink? Homeland portrays children being treated as crusaders of war a clear message that their future is at stake. She touches on the countrys mislead path, bad rulers, and the civilians with troubled state of mind. Her air expresses that no real personal relationships are maintained. The consumer culture on the high is understood through her reference to underwear gods.Homeland is a royal song with the combination of sweet choruses, soft violin & violoncello duets, and the maestro Peter Scherers keyboards. Homeland is gloomy but it has wit in it. It is an expression of fear and disappointment but is full of nerve centre and soul. Homeland is a true reflection of our troubled times.ReferencesL. Anderson, personal communication, 2007. Retrieved February 7, 2009 from http//www. pbs. org/art21/artists/index. hypertext markup language Retrieved February 7, 2009 from http//www. musicianguide. com/biographies/1608002294/Laurie-Anderson. html

In the three stories from other cultures (Country Lovers, Veronica and A Stench of Kerosene) Essay

In the three stories from other cultures (Coun study Lovers, Veronica and A Stench of Kerosene) discuss how the relationships in each one are affected by heathen forcesIn Coun sweat Lovers, the Apartheid in S surfaceh Africa stopped inkinesss and whites intermingling. The Apartheid meant that police could decide to absorb peoples inhabitancys if there was a suspicion of fatals and whites having a cozy relationship to fixher. South Africa was a worse place due to the Apartheid and nonwithstanding now the division still has an affect on peoples lives. The main guess that governed the Apartheid was the Immorality act. This ultimately banned mixed spousalss and later(prenominal) went on to be amended to ban sexual relationships. If mixed marriages were perceive of the couple would be arrested and sent to prison, although even the sentencing was biased as blacks got harsher sentences than whites.At the start of the story Paulus displayed true love towards Thebedi by bringing ho me a painted wooden box he had made for her in wood-work classes. He had been sent away to do these classes at a boarding school. The boarding schools were another(prenominal) reason why blacks were not as better as whites because it was just simply not given to them in the equal way it was given to the whites. Thebedi also returned the love by giving Paulus a sort-after bracelet which she had made. This bracelet made his white friends jealous, so this depicts that just because Thebedi is black doesnt mean she cannot bring happiness to anyone. This shows the affect it had on both(prenominal) races to the extent where if they had issuen the bracelet was made by a black person, they wouldnt restrain been jealous.When Paulus goes off to Veterinary College, it gave Njabulo a chance to show his love for Thebedi. He had had a crush on her for a bulky time but never revealed his feelings until Paulus went away. The relationship between Thebedi and Njabulo would not have been so fro wned upon at all as they were both the equal colour.The more than or less controversial issue within the story is when Thebedi and Njabulo supposedly have a baby, but when the baby is born it is mixed-race. Njabulo accepts the baby by expiry out and buying things for it, he bought from the Indian store a cellophane-widowed pack. This is likely because he loved Thebedi too such(prenominal) to get rid of her because of a mixed-race child. This shows the different views within the cultures. only when when Paulus finds out that the baby is most belike his, he demands that Thebedi gets rid of it, You must give it to someone. This shows that he is excite of the authorities, because if they find out he would be facing prison or worse. So when the baby is found dead, and the forensic evidence relates to poison, Paulus is the main suspect. But when Paulus gets to court it says that when Thebedi was giving evidence she was still wearing the ear-rings Paulus had given her when they had scratch line met, she wore gilt-hoop ear-rings. This proved that she still had feelings for Paulus.In Veronica, it is not a case of racial differences it is the fact that society dictates the way you live by your gender. Fatalism plays a volumed part in this story. Okeke shows that he accepted what he had been given more so than Veronica. This is shown by the fact that Okeke moves away top the city to try and make a breeding of his own. Whereas Veronica was not persuaded by Okekes efforts to try and get her to come with him. Instead she stayed in the village to try and scrape a life off of very little money. Okeke proved to be moralistic, all the women I meet are only kindle in money and cars.Veronica herself had to mature a lot speedy than any other adolescent as her father was a blistery drunk and her mother was weak and poorly. When Okeke went away to his life in the city, I think both of them were feeling as if their lives were going to be dramatically changed but were t oo afraid to admit it.Okeke returned to the village as a prosperous doctor with many paths he could choose to take his life down. He came back to discover that Veronica was still living the same life but with a child and husband. Her brothers and sisters that she worked so hard to keep up alive had odd her and dispersed into different parts of the country and disregarded about her.The war breaks out and Okeke returns again to find Veronica fabrication there close to death. She says she deficiencys to dies because she has lost everything, I dont want to live, you hear?. So Veronica slips away and Okeke shows how much he mat for her by burying her down by the river, where they spent so much time together in their youth.A Stench of Kerosene is make up in Jammu and Kashmir, Northern India. It is based in mid 20th Century. The cultural force that plays its part in this story is the Hindu Marriage Act (1955). This governs all Hindu marriages. This Act also applies to Buddhists and Sikhs. It said that the bride should be 18 and the groom 21. Neither should already have a spouse and both should be capable of giving consent. It was also believed that both spouses should be plump for both marriage and consummation. This rule however did not apply to the counties of Kashmir and Jammu.Manak sincerely loved his married woman called Guleri. There was a carnival in a town called Chamba. Guleri looked forward to it every year and was set on going the same as usual. But there was just one problem, Manak knew that if Guleri left for any length of time, his mother would set up a marriage with someone else he might not even like. He was so seperate for her to stay he even begged her, I ask again, dont go away this time.The reason his mother wanted Manak to get a different was because Guleri had never conceived a child and therefore could not continue with the family trope. His mother paid 500 rupees just to get Manak another wife. This worked because after a short time of being with the second wife conceived a child. When Guleri heard the news of Manaks second wife she irritated her clothes in kerosene and set them alight.The fact you dont ever find out what the second wifes name is, tells us that she was irrelevant to Manak and that he considered her to just be there as his wife. The main reason he just put up with her is because he respected his mother and thought that it would be wrong to speak up about how he actually felt. Also this shows that Manaks mother cannot be blamed entirely because she was just acting how her culture dictates.Overall in these didactic stories, it shows the effects that different cultural forces had on peoples relationships and that people had to go to extreme lengths to avoid the terror of being caught doing something they know is wrong but cannot help.