A Martian Sends a Postcard Home

â€Å"A Martian Sends A Postcard Home† The main theme for this poem, â€Å"A Martian Sends A Postcard Home† is showing that how different people have different perspectives and different way of perceiving things. This poem shows how a Martian would describe some of our everyday thing a lot differently than we would. The Martian has a unique way of describing everyday objects, emotions, and time. The Martian sees mist as an object that has human like properties such as becoming tired. Mist is when the sky is tired of flight and rests its soft machine on ground. † (Page 867) The Martian describes mist in a completely different way from the ordinary way we think it to be. We know that it has no human properties and understand it to be something just caused by nature. The Martian, while on Earth, sees adults while they are suffering. The Martian sees them hiding their pain in a room alone, yet children openly expose their hurt. â€Å"Only the young are allowed to suf fer openly.Adults go to a punishment room with water but nothing to eat. † (Page 864) The Martian gets to see something that most adults try to mask. The Martian is able to make a distinction between the way that children and adults express themselves. The Martian seems to describe in an odd way about how humans keep their time trapped in a box and how we have it tied to our wrists. â€Å"But time is tied to the wrists or kept in a box, ticking with impatience. (Page 864) In this statement, it shows how he finds it hard to understand why we keep track of time in that way and because we keep it in that way, time begins to tick impatiently. In conclusion, the theme of this poem shows how everyday items can be described or viewed in such a different way from another perspective. Such things as objects, feelings, and time can be held in such a different viewpoint from two different people. This poem shows how point of view is used to contrast things viewed from a human vs. outsid er viewpoint.

A Commentary on William Wordsworth’s Poems

There are many strategies in which a writer can convey his message to his readers. One is allusion, a literary device that lets the readers have a mental image of what the writer is trying to express in his article. The dictionary defines it as an â€Å"indirect reference or citation† to a person, place or something that is presumed to be known already by the reader. Others classify it as an indirect mention of something that the writer may intentionally or unintentionally do so. It is up to the reader to see and grasp the necessary connection.Wordsworth’s breathtaking ranges in poetry encompasses the entire arc of his career from writing pieces of poetry and lingering passionate meditations on demands set forth by the contemporary society for purposes which indulges the art of love, heroism, nature and a whole sense of unpredictable somber and angry poems which stages the flames of war and a whole lot more of uprising circumstances. His so-called nature pieces gave not only a slight impact on readers, but it made people internalize each and every line of his poems such as in Tintern Abbey in the specific lines.â€Å"Do I behold these steep and lofty cliffs, that on a wild secluded scene impress, thoughts of more deep seclusion; and connect, the landscape with the quiet of the sky† (Wordsworth, Owen and Wordsworth). It was believed that the purpose of his works is to send subliminal messages to the British society of his time. He is a man armed with romanticism which is considered moribund in modern literature. His skill of captivating hearts of readers with his ability to revive legends by placing it into lyrics gave him a towering height of success and respect which is up to date appreciated by literature fanatics.Unlike E. S. Yeats who received mostly admiration on his works, William Wordsworth on the other hand had a lot of criticisms regarding his works especially on The Prelude. Some said his works were â€Å"not being poetry at allà ¢â‚¬  and that they were just replica of other authors’ creations. Nevertheless, these were not barriers for Wordsworth to be recognized as one of the most influential British poets in the 18th Century (Colville).Among his greatest works were published after his death in 1850 which gave him a breakthrough in the limelight and a tank of deliberate criticisms at that. Given the fact that his works were often questioned, he remained steadfast upon his works and continued writing epics, tragedies, culture and religion. His enthusiasm on nature which triggered the rationality of the reading public were ironically given ample respect. He was described as a writer dancing shallow waters, and enables one to judge his works either positively or negatively. It was between: love him, or hate him.William Wordsworth in his works in Lyrical Ballads which includes the â€Å"Tables Turned† and Tintern Abbey† also says that it will make everything about him right again, put his life back into perspective especially those about his friend, Samuel Taylor Coleridge as reflected on the lines of the poem, The Tables Turned which reads, â€Å"May teach you more of man, of moral evil and of good, than all the sages can† (Wordsworth, Owen and Wordsworth). Again, he talked about the Coleridge and mentioned the woman he loves and how she is the object of his desires, and also, pain.But then, in addition to feeling let down, Wordsworth also implies that he is not sure about how his friend does things in the poem as reflected by the lines, â€Å"Sweet is the lore which Nature brings; our meddling intellect, mis-shapes the beauteous forms of things:–we murder to dissect†. The essence of the British romantic period is its ability on making readers read and at the same time comprehends what they are reading. This literary device which is used in prose and poetry help in visualizing a mental picture by playing with words alluded.The fragile fact in th e usage of such is the level of expectation evoked by the allusion. The style is like â€Å"counting chickens with eggs†. In general, the utilization of allusions by a novelist shows an anticipation that the bookworm is proverbial with the allusion made, otherwise the effect is nowhere to be found in the tentacles of the purpose. Colville, Derek. The Teaching of Wordsworth. American University Studies. Series Iv, English Language and Literature, Vol. 7. New York: P. Lang, 1984. Wordsworth, William, W. J. B. Owen, and William Wordsworth. The Fourteen-Book Prelude. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Vietnam war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vietnam war - Essay Example Evidently, the issue has been viewed differently as the books that will be discussed highlight. Some authors attribute the American to poor decision-making, and lack of support from the congress. Notably, several factors fuelled the failure, as this paper will indicate. Howard Zinn bases his argument on the origin, the course, and the end of the Vietnam War. Zinn sees the Vietnamese as an experienced side that had waged successful wars against the French and the Japanese. In his book â€Å"A People’s History of the United States,† Howard Zinn clearly manifests that even though Americans had the best technology and military artillery during the Vietnam War, America was destined for failure. Before their involvement in the Vietnam War, the U.S government did not seek the opinions of the people whom they represented (Zinn 440). As a result of lack of cooperation between the U.S government with her citizens in the middle of the war with a determined and organized opponent led to the inevitable defeat to America. The American citizens played a central role in the Vietnam War. It is during the war in Vietnam that America saw the greatest antiwar movements. The work of Howard Zinn, Zinn views the war in Vietnam in terms of failure and success. On one hand, Howard Zinn asserts that the American government failed and it was a victory both to the nationalists in Vietnam as well as the American Citizens who were opposed to the involvement of the government of the United States in the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was supposed to end in the victory of America, and the spread of American Policy and supremacy. It never came to be. The U.S government, instead, settled for peaceful dissolution of the war (443). By residing in peace to end the Vietnam War, Howard Zinn further argues that the U.S government was sugarcoating defeat by the revolutionary nationalists in Vietnam. An additional author who has sought to discuss the same

Rhetorical Analysis Essay(William Gibson-cyberpunk) Essay

Rhetorical Analysis (William Gibson-cyberpunk) - Essay Example According to Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia, Gernberk’s stories were described as ‘hackneyed adventure tales in which heroes outfitted in dubious space metal wrecked alien words and rescued space maidens’ (New Grolier Multimedia encyclopedia 112). The popularity of the Amazing stories led to new entrants in the 1920s and 1930s to include, Science wonder stories, Wonder stories and Astounding stories. It was Campbell’s work which gave a credible representation of science fiction on how technology has an impact on individuals as well as their cultures through complex narrative techniques as well as exhaustive approaches to subject matters. His works have been regarded as the golden age of science fiction under which science fiction writers such as Robert A. Heinlein, Theordore Sturgeon and Isaac Asimov flourished. Major themes of science fiction are listed by Grolier as robots, alternate worlds, faster- than- light travel, the seeding of the galaxies by the humans and aliens and its many astonishing consequences and the full range of possibilities presented by the nuclear power. The impact of technology on everyday lives and on the planet’s fate became more dominant in science fiction from the 1950s onwards. Most notable development was the New Wave associated with authors such as Brian Aldiss and J.G Ballard whose focus was on topical issues such as environmental depletion, urban overcrowding, and how technology relates to drug abuse, crime and sexuality. The new wave in some aspects introduces cyberpunk’s attention to the impact of technology on the present no less than on the future an important component which features in William Gibson’s works and his contemporaries – that of computer technology. This continuous intermingling of reality and fiction has depicted science fiction as a means of sharpening the awareness of a people to their reality by de-familiarizing it through imaginations and fantasies (Heuser

Uncertainy avoidance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Uncertainy avoidance - Assignment Example According to Reimann, LÃ ¼nemann & Chase (2008), clients from those cultures that exhibit increased uncertainty avoidance are less satisfied with service defects, or when service expectations are not met as compared to those from low-uncertainty cultures. I have identified culture as a strong determinant of a persons behavior even when such a person is in a very different culture. In my view, conflict will always be pervasive as long as the people in any situation have different cultural orientations. Recently, the world has witnessed the UN and USA trying to convince President Assad of Syria to step down and allow democratic leadership to take on. However, he still has strong internal and external support from those citizens and nations with high levels of uncertainty avoidance like Russia. If the situation in Syria were happening in Western nations, the citizens would be less willing to support such a regime under war circumstances. The reading has allowed me to reflect on why a number of people get it very rigid to change. For instance, I have quite a number of my friends who take the course, which a former family member took, and highly avoid new courses that are a little bit predictable in terms of employment opportunities and p rogress. Additionally, I have gained a clear understanding of why people from most Asian countries like to live in groups and rarely make friendships with those different from them. Reimann, LÃ ¼nemann & Chases (2008) study has allowed me to note that, in business, it is good to learn and understand the differences in customers’ cultures, expectations and needs, to be able to take action of them in the best way and to avoid conflict. As Kegan & Lahey (2009) observe, in cultures with a high level of uncertainty avoidance, citizens opt for predictable leadership and governance. They then become loyal to their leaders and embrace their way of doing things with little criticism. Here, citizens are concerned;

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization Assignment

Literature Review ------The difference of Modern organization communication between China and America - Assignment Example The American model of interpersonal communication is individual-based and tends to address the self within an organization (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). It is basically a symbolic process that brings people together, in which case, the participants use verbal and others forms of communication to persuade others for individual and professional benefit (Chia, 1995). This form of communication is premised upon and influenced by interactive traditions that can be traced from fundamental and common facial norms. All Americans tend to be at peace with a positive face, which generally convinces neighbors or associates to show respect and or recognition for an individual. Negative facial communication, for example, communicates the need for liberty for an individual (Lowry, Cao, & Everard, 2011). According to Samowar, Porter, and McDaniel (2011), the American norm of interpersonal communication as replicated in the face concept is that when an individual joins a gathering, and they modify their face to be in line with the main agenda being discussed. At this point, Americans often tend to relay information about themselves to others, through verbal and nonverbal means of communication. The recipients receive the communication and assess it by comparing the various forms of communication for consistency. As a result, the individual’s assessment of the parties in a conversation or communication controls and dictates the exchange of messages. The American society, therefore perceives interpersonal communication as a game involving two individuals whereby information from each other’s independence pays out, and which can only be sustained by how rational is an individual. Other factors include individual beliefs, and tactful maneuvers of each other’s facial expression through verbal and nonverbal means of social interaction. Such

Journel Analysis Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journel Analysis Report - Assignment Example Some of the strategies advocated by the authors include: teachers have to create a supportive and hospitable learning environment for the learners. A welcoming environment is a necessity since most of the learners are in various levels of acculturation. As such, they are still familiarizing themselves with the foreign culture, language and school. Next, teachers in learning institutions should implement effective and tested strategies. For example, interactive teaching strategies are vital for ELLS. In addition to these strategies, the authors argued that incorporating a variety of assessments in the ELLS learning activities is beneficial. These assessments pinpoint the progress and advancement rate of various ELLS. Moreover, challenging lessons that reflect high expectations from ELLS encourage them to learn quickly. A lot of American teachers have a deficit perspective of American English Language Learners. This view discourages the ELLS from excelling in their studies. Lastly, the authors urge the teachers to engage parents of ELLS in their children’s education. By incorporating these strategies, teachers will have an idea or notion of how to work with diverse students, specifically English language learners. First, will teachers attend programs to familiarize themselves with these strategies? This is an appropriate question since teachers would be better equipped to handle ELLS if they attended these programs. The teachers would be guided by experts on how to handle American English Language Learners. As such, they will be in a better position rather than reading these strategies themselves. Secondly, how will the teachers deal with parents who are reluctant in being part of the children’s education? Some parents might not support their children’s education. Therefore, how will FCS teachers handle this situation? Nearly all strategies

Health promotion in mental health nursing Essay

Health promotion in mental health nursing - Essay Example s such as the UK, United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada where the neoliberal philosophy underlies government policies in the realm of political and social life (Donelan et al., 1999). Unfortunately, these policies result in the distinct trend towards privatization and weakening of health care systems. At the same time, the need for quality mental health care is steadily increasing. However, the economic trends, coupled with state budget cuts, and limited access to mental health providers in the community do not allow health care systems respond adequately. Emergency departments are swamped with people with mental health problems with nowhere to go; and the failure to treat those with serious mental health problems has resulted in incalculable cost, in terms of real dollars and human suffering, to the community and individuals (Gruskin & Dickens, 2006, p. 1904). The economic aspect is only one side of the coin: abundant criticism poured on the traditional intervention methods and models currently used in mental health care systems suggests that the time has come to search for alternative approaches. One of the available alternatives is the public health model that has already been tested in different environments, but has not yet received universal acclaim. The nature of this model as well as the outcomes of its prior use suggests that it can be effectively used in the field of mental health Over the last decades the developed states have effectively implemented a series of public health approaches to health issues such as obesity and anorexia, seat belt use, drink driving prevention, diabetes and other. However, one highly important aspect of our health has not received due consideration probably because of the fact that it does not belong to the realm of physical health. Although mental health has already been proven to be the key to overall physical health, many people still lack adequate understanding of its importance mental health and are not

Mktg Plan for Jollibee Essay Example for Free

Mktg Plan for Jollibee Essay Jollibee’s growth is due to its delicious menu line-up – like its superior-tasting Chickenjoy, mouth-watering Yumburger and Champ hamburger, and deliciously satisfying Jollibee Spaghetti -ably complemented with creative marketing programs, and efficient manufacturing and logistics facilities. It is made possible by well-trained teams that work in a culture of integrity and humility, fun and family-like. Every Jollibee outlet welcomes customers with a clean and warm in-store environment and friendly and efficient service. And it is this tried and tested formula of delivering great-tasting food, adherence to world class operating standards and the universal appeal of the family values the brand represents that are driving the expansion of Jollibee both locally and in the overseas market. BUSINESS TREND ANALYSIS Fast food or quick service restaurants have come a long way since 1921 when White Castle, the first fast food hamburger chain, sold burgers at five cents apiece and ended its first day with a US$3. 75 profit. Arguably, AW was the first fast food restaurant having sold the first frosty mug of AW root beer for one nickel in 1919. In the Philippines, Tropical Hut Hamburger is reputedly the first hamburger chain dating back to 1965. The trend of eating out spending and fast food expansion as a vehicle to growth will continue as long as there is fierce competition in the workplace. The drive towards competitiveness with longer working hours and no time for home cooking coupled with the peoples continuing desire for new fast food concepts will allow innovative and progressive food chains to prosper. A downside to this is the changing eating habits, which some researches suggest has led to an unhealthy lifestyle. However, fast foods have been made aware of this situation and are starting to offer healthier options. The fast food industry is not without its challenges, especially in the United States. From rising food costs, economic recession and changing perceptions about health, many fast food franchises have been feeling some heat. But rather than flee from this challenge, the fast food industry has been adopting new practices and offering new products. Modern society is on the go, and there is plenty of demand for a quick bite at all times of the day. Fast food franchising opportunities exist in the â€Å"traditional† spaces like burgers and pizza, but are also sprouting up in healthy and unique ways as well. The fast food industry, also known as Quick Service Restaurants (QSR), has been serving up tasty morsels for as long as people have lived in cities. The modern system of fast food franchising is believed to have started in the mid 1930’s when Howard Johnson franchised his second location to a friend as a means to expand operations during the Great Depression. And oh how it has grown! As cars became commonplace, the drive-thru concept brought explosive growth to the idea of food-on-the go. â€Å"Fast Food† was added to the Merrion-Webster dictionary in 1951 and U. S. fast food companies are now franchised in over 100 countries. In the U. S. alone there are over 200,000 restaurant locations! Revenue has grown from $6 billion in 1970 to $160 billion last year, an 8. 6% annualized rate. Fast food franchises focus on high volume, low cost and high speed product.

“Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649”, Assess the validity of this statement Essay Example for Free

â€Å"Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649†, Assess the validity of this statement Essay â€Å"Religion was more important than politics in the failure of King and Parliament to reach a settlement. 1646-1649†, Assess the validity of this statement. In January 1649, King Charles I was executed after being charged with high treason due to political and religious reasons, some of which contributed to his refusal in accepting the peace settlements given to him by Parliament. Charles’ refusal to compromise was supported by the division that had emerged within Parliament on how to fight the civil war between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The main factors of the failure to reach a settlement were religion, politics, Charles’ intransigence, the New Model Army and the emergence of radical ideas; all of which eventually concluded to Charles’ execution. One of the main reasons why Charles and Parliament failed to reach a settlement was due to religion, especially with the division between the Political Presbyterians and Political Independents. The differences between the two were that Political Presbyterians favoured a negotiated peace with Charles and did not approve of the New Model Army, and were also drawn more closely to the Presbyterian Scots whereas the Political Independents were in favour of a more considerable measure of religious toleration and disliked the authoritarianism of Scottish Presbyterianism. This division throughout Parliament meant that they had failed to reach a settlement negotiating peace terms that was to be decided upon them. In July 1646, the Political Presbyterians had presented Charles with the Newcastle Propositions as their plan for settlement which consisted of severe terms such as Charles was to accept Presbyterianism for three years in England, Parliament was to have control of the militia for 20 years, and the Triennial Act was not to be abolished and to have regular parliaments. Charles rejected these terms of the Newcastle Propositions and instead offered counter-proposals suggesting that the Political Presbyterians would have a three year trial run and reduced parliamentary control over the militia to ten years. Smith1 says that â€Å"there was a good deal of influential opinion† when writing the Newcastle Propositions and was under the impression that Cromwell had expressed his input with these terms. As a result of this, it caused division in the army and more within Parliament as the Presbyterians responded by organising rallies in favour of peace on 26th July. The emergence of radical ideas links with religion as a reason for the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 as the ideas of the Levellers and Diggers were starting to break through. The Levellers were based in London that needed to gain support by taking advantage of the army’s adjutators movement, which therefore led to their concern that increased within the army, radicalising them. The development of the Leveller movement was the result of economic distress which was cause by the civil war, particularly in London, in a time of political and religious uncertainty. At the end of April 1647, eight cavalry regiments chose men as representatives for the adjutators and met with the senior officers. The Levellers ideas, under their leader John Lilburne, had clearly influenced the policies of Henry Ireton and Oliver Cromwell condemning them as â€Å"grandees†, which expressed them having deceived what people were fighting for in the first place; driving them to accept a less moderate approach to their negotiations with the King in years to come. The Levellers had come up with a pamphlet called the â€Å"The Case of the Army Truly Stated†, which led on to the Putney Debates in October and November of 1647. The Putney Debates had the main focus on the ideas of the Levellers for the extension if the franchise which had provoked a fiery argument between John Wildman and Ireton. Still Ireton spoke for the grandees which did include Cromwell and â€Å"insisted that the franchise should be restricted to those with a permanent fixed interest in the kingdom† as Seel 2 says, and that the vote should go to those who possessed property or there would otherwise be a â€Å"disturbance to a good constitution of the kingdom†. This was seen as important because the views of the religious radicals made settlements more difficult and furthermore increased the tension of division among those in the army and in parliament. The politicisation of the New Model Army also played a significant role in the failure to reach a settlement in the years 1646 to 1649 between Charles and Parliament. What made the army politicised was the concerns of their wages of  £3 million in arrears and the possibility of being faced with the charges of committing offences from the First Civil War, as Parliament had not passed an indemnity act. The army presented Charles with the Heads of The Proposals in 1647, which links back to religious division in parliament, , under Cromwell and Ireton’s influence, putting forward more stricter terms such as religious toleration was to be more effective to a wider degree and that the army was to be controlled by parliament for only ten years instead of twenty, making the army seem like a political force however historian Coward 3 has put forward the argument that â€Å"the army was not apolitical when it was first established.† Despite these terms, Charles still refused to accept them which then led to the Vote of No Addresses in January 1648 and settled that no more future negotiations were to be made with Charles. The importance of this factor was important as the army had felt that they had been pushed to resort to drastic methods and realised that it was most likely that Charles would never accept them. Another important factor that contributed to the failure to reach a settlement was Charles’ intransigence. In July 1646 the Newcastle Propositions were offered to Charles, which still would have granted him much power if he’d have accepted them, but refused to accept them. At the end of December 1647 after refusing both the Newcastle Propositions and the Heads of Proposals, Charles made his escape from confinement at Hampton Court where he would sign the Engagement with the Scots, in which Charles had agreed to allow Presbyterianism in England for three years only if they would grant him a Scottish invasion that would enable him to return back to power. With the possibility of the invasion going ahead, the chances of another civil war had increased. In April 1648 the New Model Army met at Windsor to pray before facing their enemies and declared that Charles was a â€Å"man of blood†, which soon would be one of the religious reasons for Charles’ execution in January 1649. Furthermore another political reason such as the Presbyterians’ offer of the Newport Treaty to Charles, who was now being held captive on the Isle of Wight, was sent to him as a matter of desperation to end the Second Civil War and prevent another one from occurring. However, the army and Ireton were not prepared to allow these negotiations to be undertaken and were forced to act, Kishlansky 4 says â€Å"Ireton had always been the Army’s strategist, the penman who could write the stirring propaganda of the Army’s declaration† and that he demanded a â€Å"purge or dissolution of Parliament and a trial of the King†. For the Newport Treaty to continue, a vote in Parliament took place on 5th December which had 129 for the continuation, and 83 against it, leading Ireton to act immediately and organise the army led by Colonel Thomas Pride who purged Parliament of those who were in favour in negotiating with the King; through this action taken against Parliament, the Rump would take over and conclude that Charles was to be put to trial. In conclusion, the failure to reach a settlement in the year 1646 to 1649 was due to the main religious factors such as the Windsor Prayer meeting of April 1648 where Charles was seen as â€Å"a man of blood†, the religious division in Parliament between Political Presbyterians and Political Independents and his agreement with the Irish which reinforced his support of Catholicism and his defeat in the two civil wars which came across as God’s judgement on his cause. Nevertheless, the main political reasons were down to Charles’ intransigence, fear amongst those in Parliament and the army that Charles would agree to the terms of the Newport Treaty, and fear of him starting another civil war. Overall the main reason for the failure of reaching a settlement was because of religion, although politics became very important in years to come as Presbyterians and Independents became concerned and needed a settlement for the sake of the kingdom.

The Scope Of Online Library Management Information Technology Essay

The Scope Of Online Library Management Information Technology Essay Due to the many problems facing with the current system by the college, I made a completely new library management system that can produce automated online system for managing the activities of the library system. It is totally secured system that can be accessed only by the verified user putting the user name and password procedure. To mitigate the issues of conventional and manual method of reservation and distribution of books to readers from library, the online Library Management System has been created. The Library Management System is a web-based online system for assisting both the students/teachers and librarian/staff in borrowing and supervising the books. The system would provide fundamental set of features for adding and/or updating members, adding and/or updating books, getting the list of books, finding out the list of books currently checked out, reserving and borrowing books. Its development includes the formation and maintenance of back-end database with MySQL and front-end application development aspects with PHP. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Project Scope The scope of Online Library Management System includes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Create distinct product users based on their roles and permissions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Authenticate users at their login. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide the list of books the users can borrow. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Facility to reserve books that are available. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A status page for all users to view books reserved by them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Facility to cancel the reservation for a book made earlier. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ A status page for all users to view books borrowed by them, their individual due dates and their individual penalties if any. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ An interface to view and edit the own profile. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Provide method for adjusting account settings such as passwords. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Mechanism to reset the password in case user forgets it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Providing interface to add or delete books to staffs. 1.2 Problem definition of existing system London College of Engineering and Management has been using the manual library system for handling different activities of the library in the college. We can simply say that the system has been running totally in a paper based. The college does not have any online system to enable students to access the library resources. Main Features Of The Existing System: This LMS (Library Management System) can hold limited number of information and data regarding books, students, and dates when students borrow the books. As mentioned earlier this system is a manual system which manages all this information in the paper based book known as register. Issue Procedure: While issuing the book to the students and/or teachers, first of all one of the college staffs working as a librarian asked the students to show the library card that has already been made by the college for each and every students. If the student does not have library card, then they never issue the book to that particular one. The librarian takes the library card and hold it until the students return the book. In the register, all the information related to the students as well as the book such as accession number, students name and contact details, book title, book author, issue date, return date etc. It is impossible to reserve the book from home. Book Return Procedure: There is a certain procedure that has to be followed by the students and librarian while returning the book. Within the due date, the student is required to return the book. Otherwise, the student has to pay certain amounts as a fine. The book borrowed by the student is being handed over to the librarian and now it is the duty of the librarian to issue the library card to the respective student by declaring that the student is no longer holding that book with him/her. Addition Of New Book: The student can fill a small request form named Request Form For New Book in order to get a desired book which is not available in the college. If more than 8 students are demanding for the same book then only the college meeting is held to discuss how to obtain the book in the library. To keep record of the new book, the library staff needs to fill a form named Add New Book in which there are number of headings to be filled up such as Name of Book, Date of Delivery, Book Title, Author Name, Published Date, Published Year, Edition, Book Category, etc. They need to keep a catalogue and a notice is stick on the library notice board noticing that a particular book is available in the library. Fine System: The librarian is working on keeping the record of penalty paid by the student on not giving back the book on time. Librarian finds out the issue date and return date of the book and if the student fails to return that book within the return date of the book, then he/she has to pay  £1/day as a fine. The fine may get high in the case when the book has been lost or damage by the student. Deletion Procedure: The book record is deleted from the library register book when the book has been lost or totally damaged by the user. Problems With The Current System: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hard to maintain backup because of large and duplication of data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data analysis and access to database is tiresome. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Difficult to obtain book status rapidly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Updating the details of student/book is a longer process. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Students have to visit the college with an appointment to initialize the process of reservation and/or borrowing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is very difficult work to sort the book manually. Data inconsistency may arise in the case of several entries of the same book and in addition whenever a new book is added in the library system. Adding a new book, updating the details of the book and students, and sorting them in a systemic way is somehow impossible. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Due to tear and loss of issue cards, it is required to make a new library card as soon as possible. Again it is time consuming task to find out the information about that particular book. 1.3 Proposed System As a solution, the project titled Library Management System (LMS) is a web-based online system for supervising and managing the transactions in a library. The project Library Management System (LMS) is built up in PHP and backed up with MySQL, which mainly concentrates on basic operations in a library including but not limited to adding/updating members, adding/deleting books, reserving/borrowing books and renewing and returning books all processed online. The proposed system has following advantages. Easy to handle and feasible Fast retrieve to database A smaller amount of error Easy access to all information Look and Feel Environment Rapid transaction Cost reduction All the manual complications in controlling the Library have been rectified by implementing this computerization system. The system has been developed to control the behavior, jobs and requirements of each individual category of users. The users are categorized as students, teachers and staffs. Students and teachers are active members of book users whereas the staffs control the distribution and maintenance of library books. Key Words Involved In the Proposed System: The following entities are involved in the proposed system: Staff Teacher Student Instruction Account Summery Account Summery View/Edit Profile View/Edit Profile View/Edit Profile Change Password Change Password Change Password Book Catalogue Book Catalogue Book Catalogue Add Books Reserved Book Reserved Book Issue Books Borrowed Book Borrowed Book Receive Books Add User Lookup Profiles By viewing the keywords involved in the proposed system, we can easily estimate what is all about the system is. Chapter 2: Literature review Different development methodologies can be adopted to develop the system. The following common methodologies are: 2.1 Waterfall Model The waterfall model was initiated as a first sequential design process in which progress is downward. It is also called as a traditional model. There is no upward flow. That is why it is named as waterfall. It is a linear software development lifecycle model. Requirements/ Analysis Design Implementation Coding Testing Fig. 2.1 Waterfall Model The waterfall model has been prepared on numerous phases particularly to improve the system. By following this technique, the system will be divided into several phases thus reducing out the whole process. For instance you are in the Phase I, it would not go to the next phase i.e. Phase II until the Phase I has done completely. In the same process, you will go to the next phase like as waterfall. Once you go to the next phase, you cannot turn back. Advantages The Waterfall model is simple and easy to use. Easy to manage because of the inflexibility of the model each phase has a review process. All the phases are developed and completed sequentially i.e. one by one. It works fine for minor systems having well-understood requirements. Strong documentation is obtainable because a lot of paper work is done in waterfall model. Disadvantages Modifying scope at some point in the life cycle can destroy the system. There are high amount of risk and insecurity. A lot of time is wasted. When to use the waterfall model: Requirements are extremely well known, clearly understood and fixed. The organization has knowledge of alike projects. Tools and techniques are understood. There are no vague needs. The project is short. 2.2 Spiral Model Spiral model is one of the best model for software development which merge both prototyping and designing in different stages of the development process. It is like designing the first prototype of the concept, its requirements and plan at the end of the first stage. Likewise we create another prototype which consists of drafting the requirements, validating and testing it in another stage. Similarly whole development process runs similarly throughout the entire process of software development which is called spiral model of software development. This model also used the features of the both prototyping and waterfall model which makes it very efficient and effective software development model. This also the main reason that software engineer uses this model to develop very complex and sophisticated software. It is basically used in military, future combat, scientific research and so on. Fig. 2.2 Spiral Model Individual consequent spirals develops on the baseline spiral. During the planning phase, all the requirements needed are collected. Risk and solution are identified in the risk analysis phase where a process is undertaken. Finally, a prototype is produced. The next phase is the evaluation phase where the clients are given the project to evaluate the outcomes before it goes on to the next spiral. Advantages It minimizes risk because of high level of risk analysis in the different stages of the development process. It is highly recommended to those projects which are very complex and sophisticated. Unlike other model, this model is quiet flexible which means that if we want add some functionality at a later date then we can do so. Disadvantages It requires very highly skilled manpower to analyze and identify the risk. This model is expensive than other models because of the expertise it requires to develop and analyze the system. Main success of the project is highly depends upon the analysis stage which means beginning of the stage. This model is not effective and efficient for the small projects. 2.3 Prototype Model Prototyping model is such types of model which is used to develop sample of the product including all the requirements in the early stage of software development. This model basically follows the simple concept of test and trail for the precise development of the product. First, we design the concept, built its prototype and then we test that prototype. If there is any problem in that prototype then we go back to our design, makes some changes; after that again we design another prototype and then we test it. In this way whole process runs throughout the period until or unless we get the final product. This is how prototyping model works. It is mostly used in development of webpage based systems. It is especially used to develop e-commerce sites, shopping sites, catalogue page and product order page etc. Fig. 2.3 Prototype Model Advantages Early development of prototype gives an idea of how the final product looks like. Early development of prototype allows us to find problems in our system in early stage so it reduces time to develop final product. It is one of the costs effective software development process. It also allows active participation between its user and producer of the product. Disadvantages It is vulnerable if there are lots of end users as well as it might take long time to develop the product. It might not combine overall needs of the organization as a whole. It is not suitable for development of large products. Structure and design of the system could go other way than that of the original design. When to use Prototype model: Prototype model should be used when the desired system needs to have a lot of interaction with the end users. Typically, online systems, web interfaces have a very high amount of interaction with end users, are best suited for Prototype model. It might take a while for a system to be built that allows ease of use and needs minimal training for the end user. Prototyping ensures that the end users constantly work with the system and provide a feedback which is incorporated in the prototype to result in a useable system. They are excellent for designing good human computer interface systems. 2.4 Rapid Application Development Model (RAD) As its name implies, Rapid Application Development is one of the fastest ways of developing software. It uses minimal planning for its prototype which makes it easier to develop software much faster. Instead of wasting time for planning and design, they simply merge planning with construction phase. It means that planning and construction goes together which ultimately makes it more flexible to changes of the requirement in the middle of the construction. We can call it as an incremental process model that insistences a small development phase. This approach is mostly used in such types of environment which needs fast response. Similarly, when the system is needed than early set development time then this approach is suitable to provide a fast response. It is specially used to developed systems for share markets, IT (Information technology) companies and so on. Fig. 2.4 Rapid Application Development Model (RAD) Advantages It reduces the time while developing the software. Different components can be reused. It provides higher customer satisfaction due to active involvement during software development. It supports the feedback of the customer. It helps to improve integration issue as well. Disadvantages It depends upon the highly qualified team and developers to identify the requirements. It is costly method due to cost of modeling and automated generation coding. It requires highly-skilled manpower. RAD can only develop those system which can be modularized. When to use Prototype Model: It should be used if the requirements are well identified. It should be used if there is enough high-skilled manpower and the high amount of cost that needed for the entire project. It should be used that can be modularized in a short period of time. It should be used if there is availability of the user involved during the entire life cycle of the system development. 2.5 Agile Methodology Agile is one of the rapid ways of developing software. It is also one of the main types of incremental model where different results of different phases were merged together and send for through testing. After that, these results are use for application development. Because of incremental model, small software produces with quick phases. It is cooperative as well because the developers and clients are working frequently together with good communication. It is straightforward due to its well documentation, simple, and easy to learn. It is also well adaptive in nature. At any time, changes can be made easily without difficulty. There are different organization that are using this approach as for example, General Electronics (GE), British Airways, NYSE Euronext and several other agencies. Fig. 2.5 Agile Methodology Type of Agile Methodology: Extreme Programming Scrum Crystal family of methodologies Feature Driven Development Rational Unified Process Dynamic Systems Development Method Adaptive Software Development Open Source Software Development Other Agile Methods Agile Modeling Pragmatic Programming Advantages It is a rapid way of development of software so client satisfaction is high. Client satisfaction is emphasize that means interaction with client is high so less chance of product failure. There is a good communication between developers and clients. It is very flexible that even late changes in requirements are adopted without any problems. Disadvantages If organization representative is not sure about the specific requirement for the organization then whole software development process will be on jeopardy. When developing a large product for large organization it will be very difficult to achieve and measure the requirements needed for the development of application. It gives less emphasis to design and process of the requirements. It requires very highly experienced manpower which will often make this process quite expensive. When to use Agile Methodology: It should be used if the system needs some certain changes in the middle of time. These changes are possible with a minimum amount of cost. It should be used if you want to make a good communications between the clients and developers so that client gets fully satisfaction with no error. It should be used if the system needs a good design and technical excellence. Out of the above methodologies, I have chosen Rational Unified Process (RUP). In my project, I have implemented Rational Unified Process as a methodology where Joint Application Development is possible and inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases are overlapped so that feedback from the client can be effectively implemented in my system. 2.6 Tools and Technologies Used HTML5 HTML is hyper text mark-up language which is the core part of the internet. HTML 5 is a fifth revised version of the HTML. This mark-up language is very important for the structuring the framework and presenting the design in the World Wide Web. This HTML 5 is revised version which is W3C candidate recommendation. It means that it is in most optimum stage than any other old version released. The key difference in the HTML 5 is that it is more users friendly as well as supports all the latest multimedia. The main aim of this language is to create a easy communication through language between the computer and its users. CSS3 Cascading style sheet is such types of language which is used for the presentation of the documents written in mark-up language. This style sheet is basically used in web based systems and its main function is to bring the life in those systems by using creativity of the developers. CSS3 is just another version of the CSS which holds some extra styling functions than its old version. It allows you for more alternatives for HTML tags and also explains how it can be shown in the WebPages. The modular construction also allows CSS3 to be more flexible for the developers and end users as well. PHP It is an abbreviation of Perl Hypertext Pre-processor. It has been widely used as the web based system development and web page development. It is an open source scripting language used to create dynamic web content which can be link with database and ultimately makes it more interactive. In PHP based web pages when a page is clicked or requested by end user it execute PHP script and automatically link that page with database which makes it more dynamic than other scripting language. Why PHP not ASP in this project ? 1. On Server: ASP operates only in windows ( can also run on Linux but not supported by many host and not so compatible), while PHP runs on both Linux and windows server. 2. On Database: ASP support s all databases but its best run with Microsoft Access and Microsoft SQL but does not run well with MYSQL; one may get problems on paging . PHP runs best and easily support with MySQL and Microsoft SQL. 3. In Programming: With PHP, one can also easily work on server related programming like DNS, metadata, etc. but in ASP, it is very hard to perform on server side manipulation and one needs special permission to do that from admin. Typically, the same functionality can be accomplished in less code with PHP than with ASP. This is because the HTTP GET and POST variables are created automatically by PHP as global variables, thus eliminating the step of extracting them from the ASP Request object. 4. In Finance: Many add-ons for PHP are free (if hosted on Linux). but with ASP one needs to pay for almost everything like mail component, ftp component, image upload component etc. Therefore, PHP is more powerful tool for a dynamic web pages. MySQL It is one of most famous open source relational database management system which is based on Structured Query Language. It can support multiple accesses in its database, which makes it one of the most famous database management systems for development of web based systems. MySQL is used in different kinds of application including data warehousing, e-commerce, web databases, logging and distribution application and so on. AJAX It is an abbreviation of Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. The main purpose of AJAX is to manage different tools together for example HTML, JavaScript, CSS and so on. By managing like this it will help web application to be more users friendly and dynamic. JavaScript JavaScript is a client side decoded scripting language developed by Netscape to build interactive sites. It is basically used to do different tasks like trigger a linked to a page to generate popup windows, trigger a graphic images and text and so on. It is also used in validation of the form and authentication of information provided in the web pages by the end users. jQuery It is an open source JavaScript Library that fulfill the gap between different tools used for the development of web. It helps to abridges outcome management HTML file negotiating, animating and Ajax interfaces for a web development. It is another way of writing JavaScript. Apache HTTP Server It is simply a public-domain open source which is developed by loosely-knit group of programmers in 1995. The main function of this server is to support different commercial applications and web services standards. It also supports a variety of features and most of them are complied together to support core functionality. These can range from server-side programming language support to authentication schemes. HTTP HTTP stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol used by World Wide Web. It is a main foundation of communication of World Wide Web. Hypertext is multi-linear sets of objects, building a network by hyper links between nodes, which also called text of word and HTTP is that protocol which is used to transfer that hypertext. Microsoft Visio Microsoft Visio is an application used for drawing layouts, blueprints, flowcharts, schematic diagrams etc. For this project, I used this application for ER diagram, diagrams for methodologies, and tables. With the help of this application, I have completed my diagrams and tables without taking longer time.

Rose Ziegler :: Biography

Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admits much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. Rose Ziegler grew up in Pennsylvania Amish Country. After marrying, she moved to Oklahoma where she made her living primarily in traditional medicine, but her avocation has always been the study of Mental Science. Though she admit s much of what is known of the mental sciences is steeped in Eastern religious philosophies, her emphasis has been on the science behind such principles. While in Oklahoma, Rose spent seven years in a formal study of Metaphysics and served as Director of a school branch for several years. She has taught hundreds of students and has had various articles published in newspapers and magazines.

The Crucible of War by Fred Anderson :: Civil War Slavery American History Essays

The Crucible of War by Fred Anderson An account of ex-slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass opens this chapter. When news arrived of the Confederacy firing on Fort Sumter, Douglass cheered the outbreak of the fighting and Lincoln's vow to maintain the Union. Douglass recognized that the Union was fighting solely to uphold the Constitution and preserve the nation, not to end slavery; but he also understood, much earlier than most, that a war to save the Union would inevitably become a war to end slavery. "And the War Came" President Lincoln was determined to stop the spread of secession and to take no action that would push the still undecided Upper South into seceding. He sought to reassure the Deep South of the safety of slavery, giving Unionists there the possibility of reasserting themselves and overturning the secession decision, but at the same time he made it clear that he was determined to uphold the Union. His Confederate counterpart, Jefferson Davis, was equally resolved to see an independent Confederate States of America. While neither man sought war, both knew one side would provoke it sooner or later, and the war would come. The Surrender of Fort Sumter Fort Sumter, a federally manned fort inside Charleston harbor, was a hateful symbol to the Confederacy of the nation it had abandoned. Union forces at the fort were running short of supplies and, unless they were reprovisioned, would have to evacuate. Lincoln knew that to surrender Sumter would be to abandon his commitment to preserving the Union, so he sent a relief expedition, telling Confederates that there would be no attempt to send troops or munitions unless the supply ships were attacked. The Confederates faced a dilemma: If they allowed the ships through, they would be submitting to federal authority, but taking the fort would make them the aggressors. The decision was made on April 12. When Fort Sumter's Union commander refused the southern order to surrender, Confederate shore batteries began shelling the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. The Civil War had begun. The Upper South Chooses Sides Lincoln's proclamation calling for the loyal states to muster 75,000 volunteers to put down the rebellion forced the other slave states to choose sides. Over the next five weeks, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina seceded. The Confederacy now contained eleven of the fifteen slave states. In the border slave states of Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland, and Missouri, secession was thwarted by a combination of local Unionism and federal intervention, including the use of martial law to suppress Confederate sympathizers.

Research Paper Rough Essay

When reading a book, do you ever feel like you have already read a plot like this before? Do you sometimes wonder if you have even read this book already? There are very similar patterns in writing books and producing movies. There are also very similar characters in these books and movies. One type of storyline in particular is the bildungsroman plot. This is the coming to age novel. Bildungsroman books trace back to Germany in the early 1900’s (Cengage). A bildungsroman story generally contains a protagonist who learns and grows as time progresses. This growth can be physical or moral. There are many stories containing this plot. An author tries to send a message out to the reader about life and how you can change. The question is, do all bildungsroman novels have the same outcome? I think that protagonists in bildungsroman stories all have a similar, successful turnout at the end of the story. In this growth novel, there are many things that affect the protagonist. The main character is generally affected most by peers. The people around them can change the way they act, think, and appear. An example of that would be Joe Dirt. This comedy is about a young boy (David Spade) searching for his parents that left him in the Grand Canyon when he was little. During his search, he comes across a wide variety of people that help him along the way. After the long journey, he comes to realize that his family isn’t missing, but they are right there in front of him. He learns that his friends are the ones that truly care for him. One emotion that can heavily affect growth in a bildungsroman novel is love. Love is present in some form in almost every bildungsroman book or movie. Forrest Gump is a great example of how love can direct the outcome of a movie. When Forrest was young, he met a young girl on a bus to school named Jenny. As soon as he met her he said, â€Å"She was the most beautiful girl I ever did saw† (Groom). As time progressed, He and Jenny are separated by war, fame, fortune, drugs, and political movements of the 60’s. All this still could not keep them apart because of the love they shared for each other. Gump’s decisions in many parts of the movie are motivated by his passion for Jenny. He soon reunites with Jenny and marries her. This shows that love can almost take over the character and form it to work with the person he or she loves. The antagonist can also form the main character. Generally, the antagonist is trying to stop the protagonist from growing in a bildungsroman novel. A fine example of this would be Harry Potter. Harry is a young wizard who is notoriously known for surviving a deadly spell casted by the most evil wizard ever. Harry lives his whole life trying to discover more and more about Voldemort. As he learns more, he starts dealing with issues that lead him up to killing Voldemort. Voldemort tries to kill Harry in several different attempts. He uses trickery, persuasion, and built up rage in Harry. Harry learns many things along his journey at Hogwarts. He builds his beliefs and values around his constant battle between good and evil. This shows how strong an antagonist can affect a bildungsroman plot. Lastly, setting can affect the way a character will think or act. Huck Finn was a young boy who lived in the South in a time of slavery among African Americans. He is a true red neck who floats up the Mississippi River on a raft. He comes across all types of people on his journey. The setting affects this book so much because the fact the he lives in the south during the slave era shows how he treats black people along the way. He is faced with many problems, and uses his knowledge of his surroundings to get him out of them. My first example for a bildungsroman story is Ender’s Game. Ender is a young boy who joins a school that train young children to fight. He is training to fight against a group of aliens that look almost like insects. Ender was taken in, and he was supposedly the chosen one. He had constant arguments with the people in his battalion, and he even got into a few fights. Ender was bullied when he was the â€Å"new guy† (Maximus), and then slowly became more respected as he became a hardened soldier. The way Ender learned was very different from a lot of archetypal bildungsroman characters. Generally, the protagonist will learn from other people. Ender learned from other people, but developed his own style based on trial and error. Ender proved to be very smart and was rewarded highly for it. He made his own moves for combat and were proven very effective on the battlefield. This book was very different because it didn’t use a common plot for bildungsroman. It focused less on character development, and more on character outcome. A bildungsroman book generally focuses more on development. At the end of the book, Ender finds out that the acclaimed killer of an enemy is actually harmless. They are being attacked without reason, and all of Ender’s practice sessions were actually real battles. It turns out the antagonist wasn’t truly a bad species. They were just looking for a place to survive. Ender learns a lot from the fighting and why he is doing it. This book is a good example of peers affecting the main character in the sense that they were falsely leading him. Ender was lead to kill when killing wasn’t necessary. Although he did form himself through lies made by the government, he still learned about life and what war is truly about. The next book I want to focus on is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by legendary author Mark Twain. Mark Twain is a realist writer who shows how it really was back in a time of corruption and slavery (Pool 1). Many people condemn Twain calling him a racist and a bigot, but little do they know he is trying to convey a message from a realistic point of view, rather than a romanticized point of view. Huck Finn is a country boy who gets fed up with life at home and decides to run away and live life on the Mississippi. He takes his friend Jim along with him. The complicated thing about it is the fact that Jim is black. If someone spots Jim, they will turn him in as a runaway or even kill him. Huck uses his skills of being a great con artist to get him out of many situations. Huck learns from the way people act, the way they look, and where they are from to work them. This all has to do with setting. For example, when he meets the Grangerfords, he knows the are way classier and richer than him. He uses this to assume they don’t have much street smarts. He comes across all sorts of people, and he has to retain information about the people, the land, and the personalities to continue on with his journey. The antagonist in this novel is really a person in particular. It is more a group of people throughout the book. Anyone that remains a threat to Huck and Jim would be considered an antagonist. The outcome of this book kind of lets the reader continue the story. They drop it off and make it sound like Huck runs away again. We can assume that he ran away again for more adventures in his travels. My third example for a bildungsroman novel is Great Expectations. Great Expectations would probably be considered a canon for bildungsroman novels. The intricate writing and detailed storyline makes it a great novel for character development (Kogan). This book is about a young boy named Pip who goes from a lower class family to learn how to become a true gentleman in a high end English family. Pip meets nearly sixty people along his journey, and learns from everyone. The characters he meet are very interesting because some of them he learns from in a positive way, and others in a negative. Dickens focused on peers rather than setting and love, although they both play there respective parts in this book. Setting is shown when contrasting the poor lifestyle to that of the rich English lifestyle. Pip must learn to cope from on both spectrums of housing. Love also plays a key role because he develops feelings for a girl he is housing with. Although he likes her, love doesn’t steer his decision making like it does for most protagonists. The antagonist in this book is being held down by society and not making a name for himself. He learns to break free of the bonds of society and become a gentleman. At the end of this book, Pip is much older and now a hard working gentleman who is in the mercantile firm. All the people in his life ended up impacting his life greatly and for the better of things. My next example is the Harry Potter Series by J.K. Rowling. This is a very predominant series read by millions of people. It is one of the most famous series of the twenty-first century. Although it is highly recognized as a critically acclaimed series, it is often over looked as a true character development novel. Harry is a young boy who learns he is a wizard and enrolls in a wizard school. What Harry does not know tis the fact that he is one of the most famous wizards ever. He is the only person to ever survive an unforgivable curse. As Harry goes through school at Hogwarts, he uncovers some of the most dark and horrible secrets about the past. He finds out about his family, his enemy, and his school and there dark pasts. Harry tries to break free of this unknown past but keeps coming back in grueling ways. Harry comes face to face with Voldemort many times, and he becomes enslaved to the battle between the two. Harry learns from all the trials and tribulations that lead up to the killing of Voldemort. Unlike Ender’s Game, Harry Potter is focused more on journey than destiny. My last and favorite example is Forrest Gump. This movie is widely considered the greatest work of character development. This book expresses all the themes of a bildungsroman plot into one movie. It shows how love, setting, and antagonist can all affect the outcome of a person. Forrest Gump is a mentally challenged boy who experiences more difficulties than the average human. He plays All-American Football, he fights in Vietnam, He meets the president multiple times, he deals with racism, he owns a multi-million dollar company and more. Love directs Forrest in a way like no other. His path goes off course multiple times in search of his true love, Jenny. Setting plays a big role because of the problems in the 60’s. Things like the drug movement, the sex revolution, racism, war, and an economic crisis made Forrest Gump a true American. The antagonist of this movie is not a person. The antagonist is merely separation. Separation from Jenny is the whole point of Forrest’s great journey. Through this journey we can understand what being alive is all about and living in the pursuit of happiness. With all these in mind, we can draw conclusions that bildungsroman novels have not really veered from the path since they were invented. They all have similar plots and outcomes. They all have to do with pursuit of happiness and reaching the goal. All of the examples I have mentioned all reached their goals. It is a trend for bildungsroman novels to reach their goals and to succeed in the end. Although, this is a trend, it does not mean it is true for all of them. Some books leave a failure at the end in an attempt to show the reader maybe life isn’t all about searching. Protagonists basically all have the same flawed characteristics that make them possible to develop. If they were perfect, they wouldn’t have any goals to reach. They wouldn’t search for a purpose in life. I think as readers we enjoy a flawed character because it is easier for us to relate to them. We enjoy reading these types of books because they almost help us decide how we want to carry out our lives and live as an individual. Works Cited â€Å"The Bildungsroman in Nineteenth-Century Literature.† Enotes.com. Enotes.com. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"Forrest Gump’s Amazing And Colorful Tale.† Orlando Sentinel. 22 Dec. 1996. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"A Great `Expectations`.† Chicago Tribune. 07 July 1989. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . â€Å"The Little-known Dark Side Of Ender’s Game.† Fabius Maximus. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. . Pool, Bob. â€Å"Commercialism Sold Huck Finn Character down the River, Twain Scholar Says.† Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 18 Feb. 2010. Web. 11 Mar. 2012. .

Alcoholism Is Destroying Our Society Essay

Alcoholism is the inability to control alcohol and have a strong craving for alcohol.There are cases where people are so addicted to alcohol that they can’t remain without it whitin more than one hour.Some even drink alcohol as if they are drinking water.Alcoholism is really becoming a big problem for our society.There is no real cure to alcoholism other than to stop drinking. First of all i would talk about the effect of alcoholism.It has physical effects which are the most important as it can causes death.For example alcoholism causes cancer in the stomach, kidney and liver.Besides alcohol alters digestion of nutrients that the body needs to stay healthy.Alcoholism also causes severe damage in the neurons,so it causes alteration in the body movements,loss of appetite and depression. There are other effects in the body like gastritis and cirrhosis of the liver. All these physical consequences could cause your death if you drink alcohol in mass quantities. The second effects caused by alcoholism are psychological. At the beginning, alcohol makes you feel relaxed, but if you drink it in excess, it increases anxiety and causes depression. It also causes family and legal problems, violence, changes of behavior, suicide, among others. Alcohol is very powerful and alters all your normal behaviors.Moreover alcoholism causes economic effects as well. Alcohol is not cheap. If someone drink two or three times in a week, it could cost him a lot.People do not think about the money and spend almost everything when they are drunk. Studies show that some individuals are more likely to experience alcoholism at some point in their lives than others. For example, genetics can play a role in whether or not a person is likely to be drawn to alcohol. Often the children of alcoholics will have a higher risk of one day becoming an alcoholic themselves. Psychological problems also increase the risk for alcoholism. Individuals suffering from depression, attention deficit disorder, bipolar disorder and many other psychological disorders often turn to alcohol to make them feel better or ease their suffering. This often turns into a dependency. How individuals experience alcoholism in their lives?Genetics can play a role in whether a person is likely to drawn to alcohol.Often the children of alcoholics will have a greater risk of becoming an alcoholics themselves.psychological problems also increase the risk of alcoholism.Individual suffering from depression,attention deficit and many other phsycological disorder often turn to alcohol to make them feel better or to ease their suffering.But this often turns to dependency.The family of those who suffer from alcoholism,may suffer as this person will need money to drink,the family might not afford to fulfill their basic needs.Moreover an alcoholism might lose his job if he cannot be active at work.This causes financial problems to the family. To conclude,alcoholism is destroying the person who suffer from it and his family as well,this causes harm to the whole society.Therefore measures should be taken so that the drinker stops drinking as there are no other real solution to this problem.If the drinker does this soon enough, some of the damage to his or her body may reverse itself. However, most experts feel that a person is an alcoholic for life, and will never be able to drink socially again without falling back into addiction.

Examine the Key Factors Influencing

Examine the key factors influencing inclusive teaching and learning Inclusive teaching means recognising, accommodating and meeting the learning needs of all students, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation. This starts with acknowledging that students are members of diverse communities, have a range of individual learning needs, and deserve equal opportunity to access the learning experience. Applying inclusive learning is increasingly important in our diverse society and education should reflect, promote and facilitate this. For example, there are more and more disabled people entering education nowadays than there used to be: an inclusive environment must ensure that they are equally valued and accepted and that their efforts to learn are recognised and judged without bias. Traditional teaching holds that students with diverse needs be placed in the general education setting only once they can meet traditional academic expectations.Inclusive education, on the other hand, celebrate people’s diversity and brings all students together in one classroom, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, and seeks to maximize the potential of all of them by encouraging and using their different backgrounds and knowledge to broaden the learning experience. In order to create an effective inclusive learning environment we must overcome barriers that might stop lea rners getting the best from their learning experience. Barriers to learning are problems or situations that  prevent learners from accessing programs,  going to class, concentrating and learning. Intrinsic barriers of learning are located within the learner, hence of an intrinsic nature, and can be physical, sensory, physiological or intellectual. For example not knowing, or not being comfortable with, the rest of the class could constitute a barrier. Icebreakers could be used in this instance to encourage learners to talk to us, to each other and to the group as a whole. Similarly climate setters can be used to promote learning related to session objectives; this is particularly important as people can be intimidated in a situation where they are asked to come up with ideas. Intrinsic barriers of learning are located within the learner, hence of an intrinsic nature, and can be physical, sensory, physiological or intellectual. For example not knowing, or not being comfortable with, the rest of the class could constitute a barrier. Icebreakers could be used in this instance to encourage learners to talk to us, to each other and to the group as a whole. Similarly climate setters can be used to promote learning related to session objectives; this is particularly important as people can be intimidated in a situation where they are asked to come up with ideas.Hence the tutor needs to create an environment where students feel comfortable to express themselves. Learners may also face extrinsic barriers, related to the environment they live, work and study in. Issues with family relationships, social support, employment and financial matters provide some such examples. It’s very important to motivate learners in order for them to get the most out of their classes. To motivate a learner we must first understand what motivates them and teach to their particular strengths and weaknesses.Sometimes we may have to match teaching approaches to their learning styles and provide support to those who need it. Other times we may have to use energizers to challenge the class or refocus learners’ attention, e. g. after a long period of concentration or after a break. Also, encouraging friendly competition could provide motivational challenges for all of them. Most of all, we need to give them constructive feedback to encourage personal improvement. One theory we can be refer to for motivational purposes is Maslow’s pyramid of needs.According to his pyramid we must feel that we are satisfied with our physiological needs before we can think of getting a roof. Having the feeling of being secure motivates us to seek love. Once we have accomplished the need for belongingness then we seek a better future which motivates us to set goals an d achieve something honourable in life. Once we have accomplished a settled life with love and respect, we might then look to reach our full potential. To ensure all students gain the most from their learning, consideration must be based on the particular learning style and objectives for each individual.An initial assessment of the students can be carried out for this purpose and then use a mixture of two or more styles and a range of different approaches to meet the needs of individuals and groups. Typical teaching methods fall into three categories: * Teacher-led: this is where the tutor transmits ideas, information and skills via lectures or presentations; * Participative: this involves interaction which allows knowledge and experience to be shared between the teacher and the learners; * Learner centred: this is where learners explore and discover by themselves, either on their own or in small collaborative groups.Benjamin Bloom provided the theory of Taxonomy to help tutors cho ose the appropriate teaching method. He made a classification of learning objectives that educators set for students in order to create a more holistic form of education. Bloom’s Taxonomy divides educational objectives into Cognitive, Affective and Psycho Motor domains. Skills in the cognitive domain revolve around knowledge, comprehension and critical thinking on a particular topic; traditional education tends to emphasize the skills in this domain and uses methods like lectures, small group work and problem solving tasks.Skills in the affective domain describe the way people react emotionally and their awareness to other people’s joy or pain; teaching methods in this domain might include discussion, case studies, role play and simulation. Finally, skills in the psychomotor domain describe the ability to physically manipulate a tool or instrument; typical teaching methods in this domain will include demonstration, individual practice and coaching. A tutor must also de vise a programme of strategies to cater for the specific needs of their own specialism. This relates to the arrangements we make to get the class discuss particular aspects of the subject.Depending on specialism we can have discussions in pairs or in small groups. If the class is not too big we can also get the whole group work together and bounce ideas off each other. We could also take this one step further and consider if the class could benefit from group project work rather than individual project work. In that respect, Bruce Tuckman's theory on stages of group development comes to our aid in understanding and assessing students in a group effort. This theory has gained a great deal of popularity and suggested that for a group to achieve maximum effectiveness it needs to move through four stages.These are: * Forming: at this first stage the team is new and the members are unfamiliar with each other. Each seeks group acceptance with caution, and conflict is avoided. * Storming:   at this stage different ideas compete for consideration and the he team addresses issues such as what problems they are really supposed to solve. Team members open up to each other and confront each other's ideas and perspectives. * Norming: here the team manages to agree on common goals and comes to a mutual plan for achieving them.Some may have to give up their own ideas and agree with others in order to make the team function. * Performing: by this stage members are motivated and knowledgeable and the team functions as a unit in order to achieve agreed goals. Many long-standing teams go through these cycles many times as they react to changing circumstances. For example, a change in leadership may cause the team to revert to  storming  as the new people challenge the existing norms and dynamics of the team. Another important aspect of inclusive learning is the resources we use.It’s vital that these are carefully selected so as to reflect and meet the needs of all l earners. If resources fail to do this they will create barriers to learning and disadvantage some individuals in the group. There is a wide range of resources that can be used but here is a selection that may meet learners’ needs: * Powerpoint: this is a vital resource when delivering information and, if used in the correct manner, can appeal to all learning styles. For example they can provide the basis for teaching other activities and can be left up at all time to remind students of their aims and objectives. Picture Cards: these are good visual resource and can support the topic being taught. They are particularly useful in multicultural environments and can be adapted easily in order to make them inclusive. * Films: appeal to all learning styles and abilities as they create a relaxed environment and can offer real life situations that can't be created in the classroom setting. Films also have a way of explaining different points of view in an alternative way. Moreover, t hey can act as an assessment method to check the learners have understood what has been shown. Case Studies: this is a powerful resource that stimulates learners to understand and critique how a subject is applied in the real world. * Quiz: this is a fun and interactive resource that can be tailored to different learning styles and ability levels. Other examples of resources include handouts and books to study and discuss theoretical aspects of the subject; computers, software and hi-tech equipment for hands-on experience of ICT subjects; and of course writing boards and flip charts to create on-the-spot diagrams and workflows and to have the whole class participate and interact.We also need to provide opportunities for learners to practice their literacy, language, numeracy and ICT skills. This can be achieved by embedding functional skills. Functional skills are practical skills in English, information ; communication technology, and mathematics. Allowing for these transferable sk ills to be included in our teaching will enable individuals to work confidently, effectively and independently in life. For example, facilitating contribution to discussions and working in groups will enable learners to develop literacy skills which they will then be able to use in their everyday lives.Also, coursework assessments and reflective learning logs constitute effective method of encouraging learners to use written skills. Also, we can encourage Maths skills by using for example number games, and ICT skills by including computer-led teaching and assessments. In organizing a class it’s increasingly important to establish ground rules with learners in order to adhere to minimum necessary conditions for getting learning work done in the class and promote respect for each other.The setting down of ground rules at the start of the course gives structure and guidance to the group ensuring that the people’s beliefs and wants are taken into account and the course can run productively within the set rules. Though there is no definitive list for all classes it is an essential exercise to think through what we want on the list. Typical ground rules may  include items like arriving on time, respecting health and safety regulations, switching off mobile phones, respecting other people's contributions and not interrupting fellow-students.Usually, ground rules are teacher imposed but learners can make valuable contributions and sometimes there can be room for negotiation. Obviously, the majority of the ground rules cannot be negotiated but getting the learners to aid in the setting of the rules puts the ounce on them to adhere to them more. Moreover, it will make them aware of what will happen should the rules be broken. We also need to create assessment opportunities that meet the needs of learners. Assessment is the process of appraising the learner’s understanding of the subject and also of recording their knowledge, skills and attitudes.I t can focus on individual learners or a group of learners as a whole. It is always best to start any course with an assessment of the students’ prior knowledge so that the tutor can start their teaching at the correct level and can ensure an inclusive teaching method where every learner’s needs are met. There are many methods of assessment depending on specialism. For example in assessing foreign language learning we can use multiple choice exercises, written answers, essay writing, class test, listening and speaking activities, to name but a few.When assessing learners we need to give constructive feedback in order to spur and motivate them to hone their skills. It’s important to tell them when they are doing something well and why, as this will serve as encouragement. However, constructive feedback doesn’t just mean positive feedback. We can give negative feedback too as long as we clearly state what could be improved and why. This means talking first a bout what a learner has done well, then going on to discussing points for improvement and then ending on another positive note.Using this strategy students are motivated by their achievements and evaluate the negative aspect of their feedback in a constructive way to better themselves. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation [ 2 ]. Bloom, B. S. , Engelhart, M. D. , Furst, E. J. , Hill, W. H. , & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956) Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals; Handbook I: Cognitive Domain New York, Longmans, Green [ 3 ]. Tuckman, Bruce (1965). â€Å"Developmental sequence in small groups†.

Analysis of 3 Blind Mice Essay

I chose the story/nursery rhyme 3 Blind Mice to provide my summary and analysis on. It goes as follows – â€Å"3 Blind Mice, 3 Blind Mice†¦ See how they run, See how they run†¦ They all ran after the farmer’s wife, Who cut off their tails with a carver’s knife, Have you ever seen such a thing in your life? As 3 Blind Mice†. To summarize the above nursery rhyme I was able to conclude there are 3 mice and each mouse is blind. I found that the mice run and chased the farmer’s wife. I also was able to conclude that the farmer’s wife cut off all 3 of the mice’s tails. That is all I was able to come up with as far as summarizing goes. After completing an analyzation of 3 Blind Mice, I noticed symbolism, some unanswered questions and a few other findings I previously didn’t notice. I always assumed the farmer’s wife chopped off the 3 blind mice’s tails AFTER they were chasing her meaning she was defending herself. What if the wife cut off the 3 mice tails first and they were chasing her for attacking them initially? The lyrics does not advise which order either of the above 2 deeds occurred; it just states they both happened. It makes you question who the aggressor was, which may determine which side you are on and the lesson you learned from the story if any. After further analyzation, I began to wonder how the mice were able to chase the farmer’s wife around if they are blind. The author put extra emphasis on seeing the way the 3 blind mice run (those were the 1st 2 lines, the only lines that were repeated twice and the only lines that did not rhyme) as if it was different than how non-blind mice run. It’s unclear if the mice were running in fear, anger, if they were running different because they got their tails cut off etc. The author could be implying nothing good happens for people/animals with disabilities. The story seems to only highlight the mice’s deficiencies and nothing good happens for them. The last observation of my analysis is I never heard of a mouse, or even a few mice chasing a human in real life. Mice normally run from people in fear, not after them. I think symbolism was used to convey a message deeper than the simple nursery rhyme. Maybe the mice were used to represent the general public, and the wife represents their queen/leader. When the â€Å"little people† in society try to challenge the government or top authority figures, they normally get an example made out of them (hence the tail being cut off). It is unclear if the mice lived or died after their tails were chopped, but it’s clear they were punished by the farmer’s wife. Rodents were used to represent the â€Å"little people† because when rodents become a problem, you exterminate them!!! That is what I found when completing my summary and analysis for â€Å"3 Blind Mice†. I hope I was able to provide good theories to back up my findings while changing your view on an old nursery rhyme.

Minority ethnic group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Minority ethnic group - Essay Example The concept of boundaries began to get eliminated. The entire globe was observed as a global village. The nationals of different countries in hunt of a better life style and professional opportunities started migrating to different developed countries. Some of them settled over there and since then never came back to their country of origin. The trend of migrating to different countries gave rise to the communities. These communities were named according to the country of origin. The communities were not only created on the basis of countries, there are also communities based on the basis of similar religion, lifestyle, culture, language, etc. If we examine countries like USA, UK, etc, we observe different communities within their societies based on the variables mentioned above. The major factor in the birth of a minority is the difference of beliefs, language, culture, values, etc, from the majority of that particular society of the country. In most of the countries, the ethnic minority groups are now recognized as influential factor in the political scenario of the particular country. A most recent example would be of â€Å"Blacks† in South Africa during the apartheid era. Wagley and Harris (1958) defines minority ethnic group as people portraying five characteristics. The list includes; unjust treatment and less control of their lives, different physical and cultural features, automatic membership of a particular group, understanding of subordination and frequent internal group marriages. So, it would not be wrong to say the societies especially of developed economies are now multi ethnic. According to National Statistics (2005), the portion of ethnicity in UK increased by 53% from year, 1991 to 2001. The increase in ethnicity was 7.9% of the total UK population (Sheikh, 2005). The multi ethnic societies started to develop more rapidly as the influx of the best human capital was very

Coursework. Immunoprecipitation Technique Coursework

. Immunoprecipitation Technique - Coursework Example The basic idea behind this technique is the separation of one single protein from a mixture of proteins. This could give us the idea of several characters of a protein such as its relative occurrence in a solution, it’s up and down regulation as well as its affinity for a specific antibody. Technique/Methodology Usually the process of immunoprecipitation can be completed in two ways: in sequential or in one step. Commonly the antibody on which the required protein is supposed to be attached is immobilized on a solid support such as beads. This solution containing the immobilized antibody and the beaded support is then incubated with the solution that contains the protein mixture containing the required protein. Incubation allows the specific protein to bind to then antigen and form a complex. This complex can then be separated from the solution and studied with different techniques such as ELISA or Western Blot according to the requirements. (Pierce Biotechnology 2011) (Pierce Biotechnology 2011) The diagrams courtesy of ‘Pierce Biotechnology’ show the process of immunoprecipitation starting from preparation of a solid support along with the antigen to the incubation and the formation of the antigen-protein complexes till the precipitation of the required protein. Types There main types of immunoprecipitation are: 1. ... pitation: Same as Chromatin only difference lies in the detection of RNA binding proteins Uses Immunoprecipitation has been useful in many aspects such as, It has enabled the scientists to know the activation of the proteins, their molecular weight and also separate some protein binding molecules too. This technique has also been helpful in detecting the abundance and activity of a protein. Protocols After collecting the required number of cells and washing them in ice cold PBS, the solution was spinned at 1000g at a temperature of 4 degrees. This would help in separating the supernatant fluid. The next step involves the resuspension of the pellet that contains the cells in an ice cold buffer after which the cells are lysed by centrifuge. The supernatant fluid is removed after spinning it again at 13000g at the same temperature for fifteen minutes. Bradford assay is then used to measure the quantity of the protein after the supernatant fluid is removed by spinning briefly. This super natant free solution is then incubated in a cold room with the required amount of specific antibody solution. After the addition of Protein A or G beads to the tube it is again incubated for an hour and then spinned briefly again so that further supernatant is removed. This beaded fraction is then washed with ice cold buffer and spinned to remove the supernatant and the resultant solution is kept for further analysis. BCL-2 Proteins Bcl 2 family proteins have been identified to play a major role in the process of cell death i.e. apoptosis. These proteins play both anti and pro apoptotic roles. Some members of the family are supposed to increase while some are supposed to decrease this process of apoptosis. In this project the interaction of Bcl 2 family proteins with PUMA have been

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Personal Statement - Essay Example I play a number of sports, including uni-hockey, tennis, karting, skiing and golf. Sports enable a person to discover things about themselves that might elude them in normal life. They have taught me perseverance, courage and the ability to accept both victory and defeat with grace. As part of my extra-curricula activities I have taken part in yearbook activities and, as stated earlier took a trip to Mali in 2005 in order to teach children English. I learned what it is to be a stranger in a foreign land, and will empathize more with those I find in a similar position in my home country of Switzerland. I also learned the great benefits that accrue from helping others, both for society in general and the individual involved. The children I taught had little contact with the outside world before they met me, and expressed a fascination with this stranger in their midst that made me realize how privileged my life had been. Things I had taken for granted, such as always having enough to eat, living in a secure home and having a complete family cannot be relied upon by many of the children that I taught. Many had known times when they went hungry, when they feared for their lives because of civil strife, and when they did not know where they would be living from one day to the next. But none of them seemed to feel bitter or depressed about these facts. These experiences made them more eager to learn, especially the English language that they saw as a way to education and the way out of poverty. Their hope and enthusiasm taught me a lot about the most positive sides of human nature, especially those that can shine even when the physical circumstances of the person do not seem very promising. To conclude, I have led a full life up until now and am looking forward to the next stage of my education. My experiences in Mali showed me that hope, enthusiasm and optimism are the best manner to move forward in life. I learned as much from the children I taught